Nano γAl2O3 has been one of the nanometal oxides that has improved the characteristics of biodiesel. The effect of γAl2O3 nanoparticles addition on premixed flame combustion is investigated with an experiment on the laminar flame speed of Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester 30% and 70% petrodiesel mixtures, at atmospheric pressure and preheated temperature T = 473K. The γAl2O3 nanoparticles added to CIME30 biodiesel were 0ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm, and 300ppm. Experiments were carried out on a bunsen burner. The equivalent ratio of the mixture between ϕ = 0.67 to 1.17. Experiments revealed that the addition of nanoparticles to CIME30 biodiesel expands the flammability limit and increases the laminar flame speed. CIME30 without nanoparticles, flame stable between ϕ = 0,76 -1,17. CIME30 with nanoparticles, flame stable between ϕ = 0,67 -1,17. Combustion of CIME30 required a lot of air. The highest laminar flame speed occurred at the equivalent ratio ϕ = 0.83. The highest laminar flame speed of CIME30 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm were 30.77, 34.50, 35.90, 38.45 cm/s respectively. The higher the nano γAl2O3 concentration the higher the laminar flame speed. This occurs due to the catalytic effect of γAl2O3 on biodiesel and its mixtures.
Komponen mesin dapat diproduksi dengan variasi metode manufaktur seperti, penempaan, permesinan, pengecoran, atau metode pengelasan. Pemilihan metode manufaktur berdasarkan biaya produksi untuk setiap bagian pada komponen tertentu. Friction welding sebagai proses produksi masal merupakan metode manufaktur yang diminati untuk penggabungan dua material. Proses friction welding pada baja AISI 1045 dilakukan dengan menggesekkan kedua permukaan baja. Variasi waktu gesek yang digunakan yaitu 25, 35, 45, dan 55 detik kemudian dilakukan pengujian tarik, kekerasan, dan metalografi. Kekuatan tarik tertinggi yaitu 703,84 N/mm2 pada waktu gesek 45 detik. Kekerasan yang terbaik didapat pada waktu gesek 55 detik dengan nilai kekerasan 270 BHN. Struktur kristal dengan butiran halus akan menghambat dislokasi, sehingga mendapatkan sifat mekanik baja yang baik.
Al.6061/Al2O3 metal matrix composites (MMCs) has been fabricated by stir casting. The MMCs were prepared by addition of Al2O3 particulates reinfoced with varios Mg content, 8, 10, 15 %wt Mg. Al.6061/Al2O3 composites with different Mg contents were successfully fabricated by stirring technique under optimum processing conditions. Effects of Mg content on microstructure and hardness were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)-EDX, SEM-Xray Map, XRD and Rockwell Hardness. The results indicate that Al2O3 particles disperse homogeneously in Al matrix and interfacial reaction between Al matrix and Al2O3 particles is effectively controlled. Distribution of Al2O3 reinforcement and interfacial bonding were improved by adding Mg. Additionally, the hardness of composites were remarkably improved with the Mg. The highest hardness of composites obtained in 15%wt Mg with a value of 55 HRB.
Application of cutting fluids in machining can improve machinability but it may danger to the environment. An alternative to reduce this bad effect is by using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). This study aims to determine the most optimal parameters in the AISI 4340 steel turning machining process to produce the best surface roughness with MQL conditions. The design method used is the Taguchi orthogonal array L9 ). The combined parameters are depth of cut, cutting speed, method of giving cutting fluid and feed rate. Based on the mean response value, it can be concluded that to get the most optimal results of surface roughness, the parameters are depth of cut 1.8 mm, cutting speed 120.89 m/min, method of giving cutting fluid by MQL method and feed rate 0.122 mm/rev. While the percentage contribution of the feed rate has the largest percentage, namely 57,02% and the cutting fluid method 41,33%.
Aluminum with Al2O3 material has high strength and light weight. In this study, the aluminum is used with Al2O3 material as an alternative material seamless pipe. The making of this material seamless pipe is through the stir casting process and centrifugal casting process. The results show that the addition of reinforcing and spin method increases the mechanical properties of the cast. Influences of process-variables are analyzed using the microstructure observation. The observations show that there formed a new phase, i.e. MgO and MgAl2O4. The new phase will improve wettability and mechanical properties of the composites. The hardness value of composites growing with the increasing of the Vf% Al2O3 and the centrifugal process. The highest hardness is achieved by 47 HRB with 5%Vf Al2O3-3 wt% Mg. Expected results of aluminum composite with ceramic particles reinforcement design is to obtain a composite material, which have superior mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, high temperature resistant and light weight. The material can be applied as an alternative material for tube and pipe products. Initially, the product materials are made of steel and now can be replaced using composite Al/Al2O3.
Magnesium addition produce modification level of silicon’s eutectic for Al-Si-Mg. An increase in magnesium content will increase mechanical properties value of ADC 12 alloy. Highest hardness value reached when Mg content is over 4%. Properties of material’s increased because Mg that added to the alloy will bind with Si and form Mg2Si compound. Where the Mg2Si compound will close the empty space in crystal structure of Al-Si-Mg and the distance between the grain is getting closer so that ADC 12 alloy possess improved strength and hardness. ADC 12 alloy with the addition of 8% magnesium variation will have the highest hardness value, which is 143.44 BHN
The development of digital technology in the Industrial Age 4.0 focuses on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). IoT as one of the main topics for technological advancement, which is useful for improving information and communication that is developing in the fields of manufacturing, infrastructure, business, economy etc. The development in the field of material technology can make small materials where the energy requirement to generate a device only requires a millivolt range of power, so by using energy from the surrounding environment which is converted into electrical energy, a device design for energy harvesting is required. The purpose of this research is to design a device that is sourced from various vibrations and converted into electrical energy. The concept of designing a vibration conversion mechanism into electric energy is by combining and optimizing the design of several existing tools (technologies). This research was tested experimentally by utilizing braking force. Tests are carried out using a data logger for further processing. From the results of the braking test, it is able to produce a maximum voltage of 0.9 V with a braking force of 34.72 N.
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