The treatment-related problems assessment and classification tool introduced in this paper was applied to actual patient cases and proved to be valid. This tool also has several features that are new.

We have found that prevalence of TRPs is substantially high among patients hospitalized at the internal medicine department. TRPs related to Dosage regimens, untreated conditions, patient monitoring, drug interactions, and drug choices were the most common. Most of TRPs identified by pharmacists were clinically significant. Pharmacists' interventions contributed substantially to the resolving of many of the identified TRPs. Patients suffering from higher number of medical conditions and receiving higher number of medications should be given the priority for clinical pharmacy service in hospitalized internal medicine patients.

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While pharmaceutical care provision is limited at this stage in Jordan, the responding pharmacists had a good understanding of pharmaceutical care. They expressed a willingness to implement pharmaceutical care practice but have identified a number of barriers to successful implementation. With the introduction of PharmD and Master of Clinical Pharmacy programmes, publication of the results of local studies on the benefit of pharmaceutical care, improved communications with physicians and modification of the current undergraduate pharmacy curriculum to include more focus on therapeutics and pharmaceutical care, many of these perceived barriers may be eliminated in the future.

TRPs in Jordanian outpatients with chronic diseases visiting community pharmacies are of concern and this signifies the integral role of pharmacists to identify these TRPs and hence provide the HMR service in the country.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:EQ-5D is a generic measure that permits comparisons in quality of life across disease states, and which may provide useful data for health policy and resource allocation decision-making. There are no published reports on the acceptability and psychometric properties of the EQ-5D in the Arabic language. We therefore investigated the validity and reliability of the Arabic translation of the EQ-5D in Jordan.METHODS:The study was conducted on a convenience sample consisting of consecutive adult Arabic-speaking outpatients or visitors attending a university teaching hospital. Subjects were interviewed twice using a standardized questionnaire containing the EQ-5D, Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). To assess the validity of the Arabic version of the EQ-5D, ten hypotheses relating responses to EQ-5D dimensions or the visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) to SF-36 scores or other variables were examined and test-retest reliability was assessed.RESULTS:The study included 186 subjects who had a mean age of 45.3 years and included 87 (47%) females. The major problem reported in more than 102 (55%) of the subjects was anxiety/depression. All of the ten a-priori hypothesis relating EQ-5D responses to external variables were fulfilled. Cohen's κ for test-retest reliability (n=52) ranged from 0.48 to 1.0.CONCLUSION:The Arabic translation of EQ-5D appears to be valid and reliable in measuring quality of life in Jordanian people.

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