The increasing incidence of obesity, leading to metabolic complications is now recognized as a major public-health problem. Insulin resistance is a central abnormality of the metabolic syndrome, or syndrome X, originally hypothesized by Reaven Insulin resistance is more strongly linked to intra abdominal fat than to fat in other depots. Adipose tissue secretes numerous factors (adipokines) known to markedly influence lipid and glucose/insulin metabolism, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular integrity. Some of these adipokines have been shown to directly or indirectly affect insulin sensitivity through modulation of insulin signaling and the molecules involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. A pilot study was conducted with 80 healthy subjects who were non diabetic, non hypertensive and having no family history of hypertension, the aim was to evaluate the correlation of adiponectin and leptin levels with obesity and insulin resistance markers in healthy north Indian adult population. Serum leptin, adiponectin and insulin was estimated by sandwich ELISA method. In our study, Leptin correlated significantly with BMI (P value of 0.0000), WC (P value = 0.007), and HC (P value = 0.000). leptin showed significant positive correlation with fasting insulin (P value 0.002), post prandial insulin (P value = 0.000) and HOMA-IR (P value = 0.002). Adiponectin showed significant positive correlation with triglycerides (P value = 0.038), strong negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol (P value = 0.017). Serum concentrations of leptin are associated with central body fat distribution. Insulin resistance and adiponectin is associated with dyslipidemia and these all disorders may ultimately lead to metabolic syndrome.

Introduction:The usage of smartphone (SP) has dramatically increased among young University students for their daily work and social media connect. It affects hand functions, and the present study was aimed at checking for chronicity of SP use and its effect on hand function.Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design N=150 university students in the age group of 18-35 years were involved, after taking informed consent. They were using smartphone chronically (>12 months minimum). Hand functions were checked using Smartphone addiction scale (SAS) and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ).To check the effect of chronicity the participants were grouped based on daily usage (3-6hrs; 6-9hrs &>9hrs per day of SP use), and usage over a period of months (12-60 months; 60-120 months &>120 months of SP use). One -way ANOVA was used to check significant difference taking p=0.05 as the level of significance.Results: For all participants Mean values were SAS = 22.63 ± 4.075, BCTQ FSS = 11.41 ± 3.784, BCTQ SSS= 15.053 ± 4.32. Significant differences were seen in daily usage of SP on BCTQ FSS (p=0.00097 & f ratio=5.73) and BCTQ SSS (p=0.032 &f ratio=2.99). ANOVA for SAS was significant (p<0.05) for daily usage groups but not for usage over a period of months. Conclusion:Excessive daily usage of smartphone for more than 3 hours,chronically leads to hand symptoms amongUniversity students, and it is addictive as seen here, however chronicity of use over months in non-addictive. It has implications during daily extended uses like working on SP for official work and gaming.

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Introduction: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is one of the most common causes of disability in children. Neuroimaging is useful in determining structural or functional relationships in children with CP. It provides an opportunity to link various CP types to the localisation of the brain maldevelopment or lesion. Aim: To study association of motor function and brain structure on neuroimaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in CP children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from August 2015 to December 2016. A total of 50 diagnosed cases of CP were included after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. After detailed history and clinical examination, MRI of brain was advised. All parameters were assessed in terms of Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and MRI Grading. Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentage and association was checked using Chi-square test or Fischer’s-exact test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Patients with CP in the study ranged from 2-12 years with mean age of 5.43 (±2.58) years. Out of 50 cases, 30 (60%) were in the age group of 2-5 years, 17 (34%) were in the age group of 6-10 years and three (6%) were in the age group of 11-12 years. Out of 50 enrolled cases, maximum cases were having GMFCS level 3 (n=14) and MACS level 2 (n=15). There was significant positive association (p-value <0.05) between GMFCS level and grading of MRI. Similar significant association was observed for analysis of association of MACS level and MRI Grading. Conclusion: The present study highlighted that there was a significant association between extent and type of brain lesion and motor functions (GMFCS and MACS levels). Type and extent of brain lesion helps clinician to understand prognosis of functional motor outcome in CP children.