Tissue engineering combines cells, scaffolds and signalling molecules to synthesize tissues in vitro. However, the lack of a functioning vascular network severely limits the effective size of a tissue-engineered construct. In this work, we have assessed the potential of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a non-protein pro-angiogenic moiety, for enhancing angiogenesis in tissue engineering applications. Polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) scaffolds loaded with different concentrations of rGO nanoparticles were synthesized via lyophilization. Characterization of these scaffolds showed that the rGO-loaded scaffolds retained the thermal and physical properties (swelling, porosity and in vitro biodegradation) of pure PVA/CMC scaffolds. In vitro cytotoxicity studies, using three different cell lines, confirmed that the scaffolds are biocompatible. The scaffolds containing 0.005 and 0.0075% rGO enhanced the proliferation of endothelial cells (EA.hy926) in vitro. In vivo studies using the chick chorioallantoic membrane model showed that the presence of rGO in the PVA/CMC scaffolds significantly enhanced angiogenesis and arteriogenesis.

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In this study, V5+ doped sodium titanate nanorods were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method with different optimized vanadium concentrations. Before testing as promising anode material for sodium ion battery (SIB)...

Sodium titanate is considered as one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries without any serious safety concerns due to its high theoretical capacity at sufficiently low voltage. However, its low electrical conductivity severely restricts the electrochemical performances as an anode for sodium-ion batteries. Because suitable doping is always found to be a trump card strategy to especially enhance the conductivity, a molybdenum-doped sodium titanate nanostructured anode was successfully synthesized for the first time using the solvothermal method. Molybdenum-doped sodium titanate electrode materials showed superior electrochemical performances than the pristine sample. On more precise consideration, the sodium titanate electrode doped with 15 wt % molybdenum not only delivers ∼24% high reversible capacity at a high current density of 1 A g–1 in comparison to the pure sodium titanate electrode but also maintains it until 2500 cycles. It is believed that the improved electrochemical performances are mainly contributed by the combination of enhanced electrical conductivity and oxygen vacancy generated in the sodium titanate framework as a result of molybdenum doping. Molybdenum doping may also allow Na+ ion diffusion through multiple pathways within the sodium titanate crystal lattice and increase the transport rate of Na+ ions.

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In this work, first time a pre-designed NiMnO3/Mn2O3 nanocomposite is synthesized via a facile urea-assisted auto-combustion synthesis with the phase fraction ratio of ∼89% and ∼11%, respectively as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

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