Drought is one of the most damaging abiotic stress that hinder plant growth and development. The present study aimed to determine the effects of various Ca/Mg quotients under polyethylene glycol (PEG)–induced osmotic stress on growth, uptake and translocation of Ca and Mg in Avena sativa (L). Plants were grown in nutrient solution supplemented with three different Ca/Mg molar quotients (0.18, 2, and 4). After 30 days plants were exposed to two different PEG (Polyethylene glycol) concentrations (0.6 MPa & 0.2 MPa) for 8 days, and solutions were renewed after 4 days. A solution containing Ca and Mg nutrients has mitigated the negative impact caused via osmotic stress on relative growth rate (RGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), Leaf index ratio (LAI), root-shoot ratio (RSR), water use efficiency (WUE) and net assimilation rate (NAR). In addition, it adversely affected germination parameters, including final emergence percentage (FEP), mean germination time (MGT), Timson germination Index (TGI), germination rate index (GRI) and percent field capacity (%FC), of oat (Avena sativa L.). Mg and Ca in shoot and root and Ca translocation factor decreased with increasing Ca in solution, while Mg translocation factor increased with increasing Ca in nutrient solution. In this work, the combined effects of various Ca/Mg quotients and osmotic stress produced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in different concentrations (0.6 MPa, 0.2 MPa) on the growth and element uptake of Avena sativa L. are examined. As a result, the Ca/Mg Quotient may naturally combat the moderate drought stress experienced by field crops.
This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological efficacy of gold nanoparticles (GNs) synthesized using a green route, employing the rhizome extract of Euphorbia wallichii (REEW) as a bioreductant and surface stabilizing agent. The GNs were characterized by a series of complementary analytical techniques including SEM-EDX, XRD, DLS, and IR spectroscopy. The reducing ability of REEW and synthesis of GNs were confirmed using UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, and the presence of spherical GNs with an fcc geometry was further confirmed through SEM and XRD analyses. The role of REEW’s extract as a stabilizing agent towards GNs was verified through FTIR and electronic absorption spectral measurement. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 41 different phytochemicals in REEW (chloromethyl 2-chloroundecanoate; cortisone; benzo[h]quinolone; piperidine, 2,4-dimethyl- 3,6,7-trimethoxyphenanthroindolizidine; 4-methyl-; 2-[2-quinolylmethyleneamino]ethanol, etc.), with RT values ranging from 3.10 to 27.22 min. The REEW-functionalized GNs exhibited promising antioxidant efficacy against H2O2 and *OH used as probe molecules. DPPH scavenging test showed significant EC50 values of 19.47 µg/mL, 13.53 µg/mL, and 10.57 µg/mL at 30, 60, and 90 min of incubation, respectively. Thermal nociceptive mice significantly acquired analgesia in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, pre-treatment with REEW-GNs significantly restored serum ALT, AST, ALT, T.P, and Bilirubin levels in PCM-intoxicated mice. The antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits fell in orders of metformin > GNs 300 mg/kg b.w > GNs 200 mg/kg b.w > GNs 100 mg/kg b.w > saline at 0.1 h of drug administration. To sum up, REEW functionalized GNs have tremendous potential for curing degenerative/metabolic diseases caused as a result of oxidative stresses.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.