HPP (Hydropower Projects) are very complex and risky in nature. For HPP, it is extremely important not only to identify risks but also to adopt proper mitigation measure to complete the project with in defined schedule and budget. Attempt has been made in this paper to identify critical risks associated with Dasu HPP and their mitigation measure to complete the project within predefined time and budget. The research methodology involved the questionnaire survey for identification of potential risks with their probabilities and impact. Pert-Master (Oracle Risk) software was used for simulation purposes. After feeding all data in the software, Monte Carlo simulation was run at 1,000 iterations to generate most probable duration of project, most probable cost of the project, critical risks sensitive to duration, critical risk sensitive to cost and statistically analyzed critical tasks/activities, which need due consideration for successful completion of project. Simulated schedule and budget was compared with planned one to find possible deviations, which may be eliminated by using mitigation measures proposed in the last section of the paper.
The public–private partnership (PPP) is a potential procurement strategy for delivering complex construction projects. However, implementing PPPs has not been explored extensively in developing countries like Pakistan. A performance framework is developed in this study to evaluate the application of PPP projects based on 10 key performance indicators (KPIs) and 41 performance measures (PMs). This framework was reviewed by experts for coverage and relevance, then validated through two case studies involving road construction. A triangulation approach was adopted to collect the relevant data through multiparty focus group sessions, archives, and site observations, which enhances the reliability of the data. Results showed there is a difference in performance for six KPIs, but similar practices were reported for four KPIs. The developed performance evaluation framework (PEF) for PPP projects is suitable for developing countries transitioning toward adopting this procurement strategy.
The public–private partnership (PPP) based model for the execution of infrastructure projects originated from Anglo-Saxon countries and was initially used in 1977 by the United Kingdom (U.K). Since then, its popularity has increased worldwide. Earlier studies by researchers and many other professional sectors and departments have introduced PPP contracts into different execution modes like Build, Operate, and Transfer (BOT); Build, Own, Operate, and Transfer (BOOT); and Build, Lease, and Transfer (BLT), etc. All definitions of PPP contracts are different but have a few common characteristics and risks. Previously, numerous pieces of literature were available on these common risks for various execution modes of PPP contracts. However, each PPP mode still has unique risks that must be identified to understand and successfully implement the PPP projects properly. This paper fills the gap mentioned above and aims to identify various commonly used PPP execution modes in infrastructure projects and their corresponding risks after placing the different PPP execution modes into four (04) different categories. Identified risks for the corresponding PPP categories were also divided into seven (07) stages of the PPP life cycle. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather information from thirty-four (34) PPP experts worldwide. Accordingly, interviews are transcribed and processed for thematic analysis in academic NVIVO software. These identified risks are further placed in the respective PPP category for the convenience and better understanding of the study’s outcome to the users and for the subsequent prioritization and allocation of these identified risks accordingly to the PPP parties during the finalization of the PPP execution mode.
Globally, the building sector consumes approximately 60% of the total energy usage, while the energy consumption of residential buildings lies between 20% to 40%. The majority of this energy is operational energy, which comes mainly from the heating and cooling of houses. Innovative and cost-effective insulation materials have the potential to reduce the operational energy requirements and can therefore make the buildings more energy efficient. In this study, three commonly available insulation materials were experimentally evaluated for a case study of residential buildings, located in a cold region of Pakistan. Glass wool, extruded polystyrene, and polyethylene were used, as insulation materials, for monitoring the case study building performance. Thermal data were collected for 21 days in the year 2019 using a Testo Saveries System and were then used for analyzing the thermal performance of each of the three types of insulation materials. Other relevant data including the cost of insulation materials, thickness, ease of application, design life, and fire resistance of the selected insulation materials were obtained for broader (based on the scorecard) analysis based on a multi-weighted decision model. It was concluded that Polyethylene was the most economical insulation material amongst the others, which also showed the best thermal performance. Polyethylene was also found to be the best insulation material for the case study building based on a multi-weighted decision model and, hence, is recommended for application in buildings around cold regions of Pakistan.
Government of the Punjab (GOP) initiated a development project through which two hundred thousand (200,000) laptops were provided to meritorious students in two phases of the project along with free of cost on campus access to internet facility to cope with the challenges of the digitization brought about by the spread of Information and Communication Technology. The rationale behind the project was enhance the IT skills of students and to help students overcome the obstacles in the way of learning and professional growth in the modern times. It was envisaged that the laptops will improve the IT skills along with improvement in grades and outcomes of students’. At completion, the project was evaluated for assessment of outcomes and impact of the project on the beneficiaries. Moreover, the qualitative aspect of scheme was also analyzed, in terms of quality of laptops, warranty support, quality of internet connectivity, laptop distribution on merit and etc. Questionnaire was developed covering all the aspects of the project. Data was collected online from 3600 sampled students through Google form on a broad based methodology. Based on the data analysis, positive outcomes were observed almost in almost all quantitative and qualitative indicators defined for this evaluation. Detailed conclusions and recommendations are given in the last section of the paper.
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