The electrochemical and photochemical properties of graphene derivatives could be significantly improved by modifications in the chemical structure. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was functionalized with l-arginine (l-Arg) by an amidation reaction between the support and amino acid. Deposition of a powerful ligand, l-Arg, on the optically active support generated an effective optical chemosensor for the determination of Cd(II), Co(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II). In addition, l-Arg-RGO was used as an electrode modifier to fabricate l-Arg-RGO modified glassy-carbon electrode (l-Arg-RGO/GCE) to be employed in the selective detection of Pb(II) ions by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV). l-Arg-RGO/GCE afforded better results than the bare GCE, RGO/GCE, and l-Arg functionalized graphene quantum dot modified GCE. The nanostructure of RGO, modification by l-Arg, and homogeneous immobilization of resultant nanoparticles at the electrode surface are the reasons for outstanding results. The proposed electrochemical sensor has a wide linear range with a limit of detection equal to 0.06 nM, leading to the easy detection of Pb(II) in the presence of other cations. This research highlighted that RGO as a promising support of optical, and electrochemical sensors could be used in the selective, and sensitive determination of transition metals depends on the nature of the modifier. Moreover, l-Arg as an abundant amino acid deserves to perch on the support for optical, and electrochemical determination of transition metals.
Detection of heavy transition metals is of importance protecting humans and the environment from their toxicity. Amongst them, copper(II) and cobalt(II) need more attention due to their wide applications in industry, in which exposures with excess amounts of them cause heathy concerns. Hence, fast and efficient distinguishing copper(II) and cobalt(II) could be worthy. While electrochemical approaches could determine these cations, expensive instrumentation and time-consuming analysis are significant drawbacks, leading to concentrations on spectroscopic and colorimetric pathways. Herein, graphene quantum dot was modified with Eriochrome Black T (EBT) to generate a novel sensor with the ability of sensing mentioned cations. This new nanocompound demonstrated new optical properties when complexed with cobalt(II) in natural pH, and copper(II) in acidic media. Both cations successfully were detected by the new nanosensor through revealing distinct spectroscopic signals. Moreover, cobalt(II) was distinguished by this sensor colorimetrical, appearing green solution. Linear ranges of cobalt(II) and copper(II) were obtained as 0.02–0.08 M and 0.015–0.2 M, with the limit of detections 0.014 and 0.018 M, respectively.
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