This study investigated dream narratives as reflections of the emotional and psychological states of earthquake survivors. Dreams and dreams imagery have reportedly been affected by the emotional and psychological trauma that the dreamer goes through. Dream narratives and dream content ratings used in earlier studies were utilized in this study. Narratives and content ratings were obtained from a sample of 27 volunteer survivors of the October 8, 2005 earthquake in Pakistan (Azad Kashmir area) and 27 volunteer controls from similar demographics. Three independent raters judged the dream narratives and dream content ratings. The judges rating were highly congruent (86.05). Findings revealed that the survivor group had more vivid, unpleasant, horrifying, and hostile dreams compared with the control group. However, there were no significant gender differences. The data suggest that a closer study of dreams can be used to understand the underlying trauma for effective interventions. In addition, interesting emergence of recurrent dreams was seen, which will be independently studied in future.
OBJECTIVES: Neuropsychological deficits were compared between three groups, i.e. RD (n = 12), RD (ADHD) (n = 12), and control group (n = 24) on neuropsychological tasks assessing Visuoconstructional ability, Postural Stability, and Language Laterality. METHODS: Forty-eight children (age M = 12.5 years; 29 females, 19 males) were selected through purposive sampling procedure, from local primary schools. The participants were initially selected on the basis of Teachers Evaluation Checklist and then screened for RD and ADHD (combined type) using the Bangor Dyslexia Test and ADHD Clinical Parent Form, respectively. The groups were matched on nonverbal IQ (not less than on RSPM), Reading achievement estimate (≤90 on WRAT-3), age (11.5-15.3 years), and income. Visuoconstructional ability was assessed by scores on Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Task (RCFT), while Postural Stability was measured by scores on Postural Stability subtest of Dyslexia Screening Instrument. Language Laterality was analysed through Dichotic Listening Words Test (DLWT). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that the group with RD (ADHD) performed significantly poor on all these tasks as compared to NC and RD (pure) group. Although the results are restricted to limited sample size, findings of the study may help in isolating the specific neuropsychological deficits related to reading disability and comorbidity which can provide important clinical information regarding etiology of the RD-ADHD connection and future treatment.
Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a hormonal disorder and its symptoms exist in most of young females. In Pakistan, PCOS diagnosis is being reported at an alarming rate, however the frequency of early diagnosis is very low.Objectives: Objective of this community based study was to find out prevalence of PCOS related symptomology based on Rotterdam criteria in Punjab district of Pakistan. Moreover, the relationship between health status and PCO related quality of life was also assessed.Methods: 1258 young females within the age range of 18-25 years participated in a cross sectional survey from the various colleges of Punjab District. The participants completed the questionnaire of Short Form-36, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Questionnaire and Clinical Profile Form.Results: There was an increased prevalence of one or two PCOS symptoms (i.e., Menstrual Irregularity and Hirtuism) in most of young females. Most of the females were not aware of the PCOS phenomenon. Furthermore, pearson correlation analysis on study scales revealed that with increase in PCOS symptomology, there are chances that quality of life will be poor.Discussion and Conclusion: These findings suggest that still most of educated females are largely unaware about PCOS symptoms, it needs further expansion in terms of educational seminars to promote awareness about risk factors. The results of this study can be used by educational institutions or health care centers for promoting PCOS awareness and contributing towards early diagnosis and prevention.
This research was carried out to explore the gender differences in resilience, coping and quality of life of oncology nurses. It is evidenced through the literature that oncology nurses face different stressors because of complexity involved in their profession. This research attempts to investigate the impact of resilience and coping strategies on quality of life of nurses along with identifying nature of gender differences in each domain. A total of 300 oncology nurses (150 males and 150 females) participated in cross sectional survey based study. Trait and State Resilience Checklist, Brief Cope Scale and WHO Quality of Life scale were used to assess resilience, coping strategies and quality of life respectively. Results indicated significant gender differences in terms of coping strategies and quality of life. Moreover, resilience came out to be a strong predictor of quality of life in nurses. Findings of the study are discussed in terms of policy towards nursing stress management and coping intervention.
Objectives: To explore current aphasia assessment practices and barriers among Pakistani speech language pathologists. Methods: Descriptive study design with qualitative parameters was used. Participants were identified using purposive sampling over a period of eight months from 1st December 2018 to 31st July 2019. Sample comprised of ten speech-language pathologists with least five years’ experience of working with aphasic clients from four major cities of Pakistan including Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar. Study included in depth interviews using a self-structured interview guide with probe questions. Data recorded was transcribed and thematic analyses were drawn manually. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that most Speech language pathologists rely heavily on informal assessment techniques. With no aphasia assessment tool available in Urdu language, no consensus as to the optimal evaluation strategy or tool for aphasia assessment was noted. However, need for such tool was highlighted by all participants. Hence, non-availability of standardized and culturally appropriate assessment tool in “Urdu” language turned out to be the major barrier in adopting formal assessment for aphasic clients, while time consumed in formal testing remained second most reported issue. Conclusion: There is a dire need of quick aphasia assessment tool in Urdu language with established psychometric properties and culturally appropriate norms. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.2314 How to cite this:Badar F, Naz S, Mumtaz N, Babur MN, Saqulain G. Aphasia-Diagnostic Challenges and Trends: Speech-Language Pathologist’s Perspective. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.2314 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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