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Brucellosis is one of the world's major zoonosis, caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The world's most widespread zoonosis affects cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals, leading to abortion, infertility, and low milk yields. Humans acquire brucellosis from direct contact with livestock or from drinking unpasteurized milk. Brucella spp. are considered as the most common laboratory-acquired pathogens. Several serological tests have been widely used for diagnosis of Brucella such are Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), Standard tube agglutination test (STAT), complement fixation test (CFT), enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Besides these, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based identification and typing, fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) are also important diagnostic tools. The worldwide economic losses due to brucellosis are extensive. Although a number of successful vaccines are being used for immunization of animals still no satisfactory vaccine against human brucellosis is available. This review shows world literature and its impact to the history, epidemiology, virulence, diagnosis along with the control measures adopted in all over the world scenario including Indian.

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<p><em>Epimedium elatum</em> (Berberidaceace) is a rare endemic medicinal herb of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Recent ethnopharmacological reports have demonstrated its traditional medicinal use against various bone related diseases in the Kashmir Himalayas. It owes its pharmaceutical importance due to high concentration of flavonoid glycosides like Epimedin A, B, C and Icariin which are known mainly for aphrodisiac, antiosteoporosis, anticancer, antioxidant, antiaging, antifatigue and antiviral activities. It is a neglected medicinal plant in Northwestern Himalayan region and may fall in the list of endangered species due to continuous anthropogenic pressures in its native habitats. In this study, we investigated distributional and altitudinal range of this prized species from twenty diverse eco-geographical zones of Kashmir Himalayas for the first time. We also report here its diversity in morphological attributes both in wild and captive cultivation. The species has a very small population size in most of the surveyed habitats with no natural protection. Under cultivation it showed increased plant height (63.09±4.9cm), more number of leaves (95.53±11cm) and flowers (160.76±20cm), indicating importance of high altitude medicinal garden for its immediate <em>ex situ</em> conservation. Further, the acetocarmine staining and squashing of young anthers confirmed it as a diploid species (2n=12) like other <em>Epimedium</em> species. Chromosome number and meiotic abnormalities are also reported for the first time in the species. Finally, constant anthropogenic pressures in Northwestern Himalayas demand immediate <em>in situ</em> and <em>ex situ</em> conservation programmes for <em>E.elatum</em>.<strong></strong></p>