This paper explores a very contentious and intriguing term that is The American Dream. The terrain or terra firma of opportunity; this is how America is generally esteemed. The dissentients and aficionados of the American Dream stand abreast. For some, the corollary of the pursuance of the American Dream is diddly squat and for the rest it is fructuous. But the Big Bang Theory of the American Dream virtually transcends all geographic boundaries hence it cannot be talked about only concerning America. It is something ecumenical and hence is the dream which can be pursued by every individual living in any part of the world. People are more obsessed with the materialistic interpretation of the dream and consumption which they regard as the main components of happiness (Calder, 1999). This study deals with the unveiling of the true spirit of the American Dream. The researcher explores that the success of an individual rests on how much effort he puts into and the political, individual, and economic independence as asserted by the ideology of the American Dream, is attainable. Keywords: American Dream, Capitalism, Sure Bet, 'Ignis Fatuus', Capitalism, Alternative to Capitalism, Consumerism
Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral health among patients visiting dental OPD in hospitals of district Malir, Karachi. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted at dental outpatient departments of two hospitals of district Malir, Karachi. Methodology: A total of 393 participants were randomly interviewed by the principal investigator with the help of structured questionnaire developed specifically for the study after obtaining written informed consent over the study of 6 months. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Inferential analysis was performed using chi-square test whereas binary logistic regression was used to develop a risk assessment model for the study outcome. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Overall 31.8% of the study participants had adequate knowledge, 25.2% had adequate attitude whereas 32.2% had adequate practices with regards to oral health. Furthermore, multivariable analysis revealed that higher qualification of the study participants had significant positive associations with adequateness of all of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the study participants regarding oral health at p-value of <0.05. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and appropriateness of attitude and practices of the study participants was less than satisfactory. The higher education level had a positive impact over the oral health of the participants. It is recommended that healthcare providers and government, in their respective capacities, educate and persuade people to take better care of their oral health.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors affecting awareness of infection control measures among dental practitioners working in universities and teaching hospitals of Karachi. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to January 2018 among 190 conveniently sampled practitioners from four dental clinics of tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. The study population consisted of dental practitioners that included graduates and post graduates of either gender with an experience of two years and above while practitioners refusing to give written informed consent were excluded from the study. The questionnaires were distributed and collected on same day by the principal investigator. All the collected data were analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. RESULTS: A majority of dental practitioners (>90%) were aware that contact with blood may transmit pathogenic microorganisms; goal of infection control is to eliminate the transfer of microorganisms; steam autoclave sterilizes by using steam under pressure; disinfection of dental chair, clinic, and dental office; wearing gloves, face masks and having protective eye wear on while checking patients; changing gloves, extraction instrument, saliva ejectors and burs in operative dentistry after checking each patient is necessary for a dental practitioner. Moreover, the awareness scores of dental practitioners were found to be significantly different across categories of experience (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: A majority of dental practitioners was aware about most measures of infection control. Further confirmation of study results by studies with larger sample sizes is recommended. KEYWORDS: Risk Factors, Awareness, Infection Control, Dentists
Madam, waste resulting from healthcare activities consists of a diversity of substances like used syringes, soiled dressings, diagnostic samples, biochemicalsubstances, pharmaceutical products, medical devices, radioactive materials, and body parts1
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