In this report an expeditious, manageable and uncomplicated advancement has been demonstrated in the field of nanoparticles for sensing dithiocarbamates (DTCs) Ziram, Zineb, and Maneb pesticides in environment and juice samples using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped copper nanoparticles (CTAB-Cups) as colorimetric probe. The probe was prepared in aqueous solvent using CTAB and hydrazine monohydrate. Localized surface plasmon resonance band of the prepared sensor was scanned by UV-visible spectrophotometer. Further Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were employed to reveal the interaction, functionality, surface characteristics and particle size. Probe was used competently for colorimetric sensing of Ziram, Zineb, and Maneb belonging to the DTCs group of pesticides. Sudden change in color from reddish wine to yellow was noted visibly and monitored on spectrophotometer, FTIR, EDX, zeta potential and DLS. The probe indicated very susceptible and selective colorimetric detection of DTCs within the range of 97.9-489.3 ng/ml, 8.8-44.1 ng/ml and 8.4-42.4 ng/ml for Ziram, Zineb and Maneb. The designed method yielded very rapid and organized procedure for detection of DTCs with minimal sample preparations. The method was used for the analysis of DTCs spiked tap water, tomato extract, mango juice, and recoveries of DTCs were obtained within 95.8-108.5% with relative standard deviation within 0.14-1.11%.
A rapid and simple colorimetric approach has been developed for sensing dithiocarbamate pesticides (ziram, zineb and maneb) in environmental samples using sodium dodecyl sulfate capped silver nanoparticles (SDS-AgNPs). They were characterized by a UV-vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM and EDX. Dithiocarbamates on interactions with SDS-AgNPs induce the aggregation of NPs, leading to a color change from yellow to greyish or dark brownish, depending on the concentration of pesticides added. A shift in the wavelength was observed from 400 to 570 nm with the broad band. The absorption ratio, 570/400 nm, was found to be linearly related to the concentration of pesticides in the range of 195.7 -733.9 ng/mL for ziram, 17.6 -66.2 ng/mL for zineb and 16.9 -63.6 ng/mL for maneb with the detection limits of 149.3, 4.0 and 9.1 ng/mL for ziram, zineb and maneb, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of DTCs in environmental samples (tap water, tomato, mango beverage) with percentage recoveries of 94.8 -108.4% for ziram, 93.7 -105.4% for zineb and 93.2 -107.6% for maneb. The procedure was repeatable with interday RSD (n = 5) within 3.4, 4.8, 7.6% and intra-day RSD (n = 5) within 1.2, 1.7 and 1.8% for the ziram, zineb and maneb respectively.
A convenient and uncomplicated scheme has been projected for the quantitative determination of essential diamine putrescine (PUT) and cadaverine (CAD) via sodium dodecyl sulfate protected silver nanoparticles (SDS-AgNPs). The scheme is based on the chemical interaction of SDS-AgNPs probe with PUT and CAD leading to the color change from yellow to red or reddish brown. The interaction was investigated through different techniques such as Uv-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Dynamic Light Scattering Spectroscopy (DLS) and Zeta potential. Both the amines posses close resemblance in structure (except for addition of one more methylene group in CAD), no any distinguishable color change was noted. Whereas, maximum absorption band at 580 nm and 600 nm was demonstrated for PUT and CAD correspondingly. The methodical response was observed at the absorption ratio of 580/410 and 600/410 nm, with the linear regression within 4-12 µg/mL and 6-14 µg/mL for PUT and CAD. The detection limit calculated for both the diamine PUT and CAD was 0.333 µg/mL and 1.638 µg/mL. The scheme was applied successfully for the Analytical Sciences
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