A wide variety of technologies is available for the treatment of contaminated soil in both the vadose zone (originating above the water table) and saturated zone (originating below the water table). Several processes involve immobilizing soil contaminants by physically, chemically or biologically. Among them, a wide range of wastes, both solids and liquids, are being treated by “solidification/stabilization” (S/S). In solidification, by adding binding reagents, physical state of the waste being changed by encapsulating a waste to form a solid material from liquid as well as to restrict contaminant migration to leaching by decreasing the exposed surface area. Whereas stabilization through chemical reactions immobilizes the hazardous materials by reducing them to less soluble or toxic form. Characteristics of different types of reagents/additives of S/S technology both from inorganic and organic origin are presented in this paper. In-situ and ex-situ application of S/S technology and their advantages-disadvantages are discussed with basic approaches. Finally, introducing with internal and external factors influencing the long-term durability of S/S treated materials as well as monitoring & treatment management of it after processing are briefly presented
The present research studies the compressive strength of cement mortar cubes prepared from different proportions of supplementary cementitious materials (Fly Ash and Slag) in blended cement. This research aims to find the tentative optimum composition of supplementary cementitious material that shows better performance under tannery wastewater condition, such as that in effluent treatment plants. Synthetic tannery wastewater was simulated in laboratory after collecting wastewater sample from local tannery industry. Eight types of cement compositions (varying supplementary materials proportions) have been chosen. Compressive strength test has been conducted on mortar cubes over a period of three months. Test results revealed that slag addition had shown significantly stronger effects than that of fly ash addition. Also, the combined effect of fly ash and slag and their order of variation on strength were studied. The observations made from this research will be helpful for selection of blended cement proportions in future structures exposed to similar severe conditions.
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