SUMMARYTheoretical investigations were conducted of pollutants dispersion, NO x , SO 2 and Particulate Matter (PM), from stacks of arbitrary four power plants in Libya, e.g. North Benghazi, South Tripoli, Zweitina, Khoms. The first four stations are gas power plants, while the last one is gas and steam station. Gaussian plume model has been used to identify ground-level NO x concentrations profile downwind and crosswind of the chimneys through urban regions and also the location of maximum pollutant concentrations. The study is based on the worst-case emission conditions of Pasquill stability categories (class D). Results indicate that maximum ground-level NO x impacts for all plants locate at a distance of approximately 1.0-2.5 km from stacks. The site most critical to ambient air NO x impact is Zweitina, where the plant site is in direct vicinity to residential areas. Khoms electric station exhibits the maximum emitted NO x , SO 2 , and PM intensity, about 305, 48, and 0.7 mg/m 3 , respectively, that is lower than allowable concentrations recommended by World Health Organization.
A wide range of batch experiments were carried out for estimation of the key process parameters in competitive biosorption of Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ , Cr 3+ and As 5+ from simulated of wastewater onto dry activated sludge in batch adsorber. Eleven isotherm models were used for single component and five models for multi-component systems. The Langmuir model gave the best fit for the data of single component, while the binary, ternary and quaternary systems were fitted successfully with extended Langmuir model. The biosorption capacity for single metal decreased by 11-51 %, 53-88 % and 79-94 % in the binary, ternary and quaternary systems respectively at the optimum agitation speed 600-800 rpm. An order of metal biosorption capacity onto dried activated sludge was the same in the case of . FT-IR analysis was carried out before and after biosorption to determine which functional groups were responsible for binding the heavy metals. Kinetic study showed that pseudo-second order model was well fitted for all metals ions. R 2 used to enhance the justification analysis for each used model.
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