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Nipah virus, a newly identified paramyxovirus caused a severe outbreak of encephalitis in Malaysia with high fatalities. We report an open-label trial of ribavirin in 140 patients, with 54 patients who were managed prior to the availability of ribavirin or refused treatment as control. There were 45 deaths (32%) in the ribavirin arm; 29 deaths (54%) occurred in the control arm. This represents a 36% reduction in mortality (p = 0.011). There was no associated serious side effect. This study suggests that ribavirin is able to reduce the mortality of acute Nipah encephalitis.

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The nucleotide sequences encoding the NS1 protein of three dengue-2 (DEN-2) viruses, MI, M2 and M3, isolated in Malaysia from patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome and dengue fever, respectively, were determined by direct RNA sequencing by primer extension with pentadecamer primers and the dideoxyribonucleotide chain termination method. The primers were based on the published nucleotide sequence of DEN-2 PR-159 (SI) (Hahn et al., 1988). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS