The Presence of Nipah Virus in Respiratory Secretions and Urine of Patients during an Outbreak of Nipah Virus Encephalitis in Malaysia

Chua, K. B.; Lam, Sai‐Kit; Goh, Khean Jin; Hooi, Poh Sim; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Kamarulzaman, Adeeba; Olson, James G.; Tan, Chong Tin

doi:10.1053/jinf.2000.0782

Cited by 140 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In contrast to symptomatically infected pigs that all developed respiratory diseases, only 14-27 % of NiV-infected human patients suffered from respiratory symptoms (Bellini et al, 2005;Hossain et al, 2008;Lo & Rota, 2008;Middleton et al, 2002). Also virus shedding via respiratory secretions was less frequently observed (Chua et al, 2001). In agreement with the distinct clinical representation, host-specific differences in lung pathology have been demonstrated histologically in fixed lung tissue samples from NiV-infected pigs and fatal human cases (Chua et al, 2000;Hooper et al, 2001;Maisner et al, 2009;Middleton et al, 2002;Tanimura et al, 2004;Weingartl et al, 2005;Wong et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Species-specific and individual differences in Nipah virus replication in porcine and human airway epithelial cells

Sauerhering

Zickler

Elvert

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Highly pathogenic Nipah virus (NiV) causes symptomatic infections in pigs and humans. The severity of respiratory symptoms is much more pronounced in pigs than in humans, suggesting species-specific differences of NiV replication in porcine and human airways. Here, we present a comparative study on productive NiV replication in primary airway epithelial cell cultures of the two species. We reveal that NiV growth substantially differs in primary cells between pigs and humans, with a more rapid spread of infection in human airway epithelia. Increased replication, correlated with higher endogenous expression levels of the main NiV entry receptor ephrin-B2, not only significantly differed between airway cells of the two species but also varied between cells from different human donors. To our knowledge, our study provides the first experimental evidence of species-specific and individual differences in NiV receptor expression and replication kinetics in primary airway epithelial cells. It remains to be determined whether and how these differences contribute to the viral host range and pathogenicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Species-specific and individual differences in Nipah virus replication in porcine and human airway epithelial cells

Sauerhering

Zickler

Elvert

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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“…Virus excretion in human urine has been reported from patients and postulated as a possible means of viral transmission to health care workers. 20 Interestingly, urine viral excretion in hamsters by itself may not be sufficient to cause viral transmission as suggested by observations in the experiment in which uninfected hamsters kept together with infected animals for 30 days did not develop any positive serology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Golden Hamster Model for Human Acute Nipah Virus Infection

Wong

Grosjean

Brisson

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Pathology

207

213

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A predominantly pig-to-human zoonotic infection caused by the novel Nipah virus emerged recently to cause severe morbidity and mortality in both animals and man. Human autopsy studies showed the pathogenesis to be related to systemic vasculitis that led to widespread thrombotic occlusion and microinfarction in most major organs especially in the central nervous system. There was also evidence of extravascular parenchymal infection, particularly near damaged vessels A recent outbreak of a novel paramyxovirus subsequently named Nipah virus (NiV) infected hundreds of patients in Malaysia causing severe morbidity and a mortality rate of ϳ40%.

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“…A limitation of our study is that we were unable to identify a specifi c mechanism by which person-to-person transmission may have occurred. NiV has been isolated from the respiratory secretions and urine of patients in the Malaysia, Singapore, and current Bangladesh outbreaks (3,8,32,33), which suggests a potential for NiV to be transmitted from person to person. Data based upon chain-of-transmission events and clustering of cases during other 2003 and May 2004 Bangladesh outbreaks led investigators to conclude that human-to-human transmission may have occurred (3,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Nipah Virus Encephalitis in Bangladesh1

Montgomery¹,

Hossain²,

Gurley³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans. During January 2004, twelve patients with NiV encephalitis (NiVE) were identifi ed in westcentral Bangladesh. A case-control study was conducted to identify factors associated with NiV infection. NiVE patients from the outbreak were enrolled in a matched case-control study. Exact odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confi dence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using a matched analysis. Climbing trees (83% of cases vs. 51% of controls, OR 8.2, 95% CI 1.25-∞) and contact with another NiVE patient (67% of cases vs. 9% of controls, OR 21.4, 95% CI 2.78-966.1) were associated with infection. We did not identify an increased risk for NiV infection among persons who had contact with a potential intermediate host. Although we cannot rule out person-to-person transmission, case-patients were likely infected from contact with fruit bats or their secretions.

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The Presence of Nipah Virus in Respiratory Secretions and Urine of Patients during an Outbreak of Nipah Virus Encephalitis in Malaysia

Cited by 140 publications

References 7 publications

Species-specific and individual differences in Nipah virus replication in porcine and human airway epithelial cells

Species-specific and individual differences in Nipah virus replication in porcine and human airway epithelial cells

A Golden Hamster Model for Human Acute Nipah Virus Infection

Risk Factors for Nipah Virus Encephalitis in Bangladesh1

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