The burden of hypoglycemia is high in resource limited countries, such as Ethiopia. However, there are no sufficient studies conducted in Ethiopia in general and in the study setting in particular in the previous era. Hence, this study aims to assess the proportion of hypoglycemia and associated factors among preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, in 2021. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 to December 30, 2021, at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in the neonatal intensive care unit ward. The data was entered in Epi-info 7 and exported to STATA version 14. A binary and multivariable logistic regression was computed at 95% confidence interval (CI). During bivariable analysis, variables having a p-value of less than 0.25 were chosen for multivariable logistic regression analysis, and variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 in multivariable analysis, were significant associations with the dependent variable. The study included 267 preterm neonates, and 23.59% (95% CI 18.9–29.1) were develop hypoglycemia. Moreover, 49 (18.35%) preterm neonates died during the study period. In this study, preterm neonates with hypothermia [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR = 4.5; 95 CI 3.4, 7.2)], birth asphyxia (AOR = 5.1; 95 CI 3.9, 27.1), seizure (AOR = 4.7; 95 CI 2.8, 17.8), and also preterm neonates born from diabetic mothers (AOR = 6.7; 95 CI 3.3, 27.2) were significantly associated with the occurrence of hypoglycemia in the neonatal intensive care. The proportion of hypoglycemia and associated factors among preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital was found to be high. The associated factors for the occurrence of hypoglycemia were discovered to be neonates with hypothermia, birth asphyxia, seizure, and neonates born with a diabetes mother. Thus, recognizing and treating the above associated factors is essential to preventing, and controlling hypoglycemia.
Background A significantly greater proportion of patients who die due to aspiration pneumonia were diagnosed with in-hospital aspiration pneumonia (19%). The incidence and major predictors are not known clearly, especially in Ethiopia. Objective To determine the incidence and predictors of aspiration pneumonia among adult traumatic brain injury patients at Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, Bahir Dar, North west Ethiopia, in 2021. Methods An institution-based retrospective study was conducted from all admitted adult traumatic brain injury patients at Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 for 51 days of survival. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan–Meier survival curve log rank test, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model were used. Results A total of 396 adult patients diagnosed and admitted with traumatic brain injury in the past 5 years were included. Seventy patients (17.67%) developed aspiration pneumonia, providing an incidence rate of 32.39 (95% CI=25-62–40.94) per 1,000 person days of observation. Independent predictors were being referred for AHR (2.43; 95% CI=1.12–5.25), nasogastric tube insertion AHR (3.02; 95% CI=1.43–6.39), and baseline Glasgow coma scale <8 AHR (3.88; 95% CI=1.42–10.062). Conclusion Having a nasogastric tube and low baseline Glasgow coma scale were significant predictors. This improves prehospital and hospital care during transportation and admission time.
Background. Malnutrition is a common problem in cancer patients. It has an impact on all aspects of the patient's life such as increasing the risk of infection, treatment toxicity, hospital stay, and health-care costs. Factors influencing the nutritional status of adult cancer patients undertaking chemotherapy treatment in Ethiopia have not been thoroughly investigated. As a result, the purpose of this study is to assess the nutritional status and its determinants among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Objectives. The objective of this study is to determine the nutritional status and its determinants among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Oncology Treatment Center, from January to May 2021. The data were gathered through a face-to-face interview and chart review method. Epi Data 4.6 was used to enter the data, which was then exported to SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between nutritional status and potential risk factors. A P value less than 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Result. This study revealed that 48.1% of participants have some level of malnutrition. Lowest wealth index AOR 0.06 (0.016–0.2), food insecurity AOR 0.1 (0.05–0.24), vomiting AOR 0.2 (0.110–.444), poor appetite AOR 0.2 (0.11–0.44), no diarrhea AOR 2.6 (1.34–5.00), and poor functioning AOR 0.3 (0.2–0.54) were significantly associated with good nutritional status. Conclusion and Recommendation. The prevalence of malnutrition among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment at HUCSH was high. Wealth index, food security, poor appetite, diarrhea, and performance status were significantly correlated with the nutritional status of the patients. To improve the patient’s nutritional status, economic support, early nutritional screening, and assessment, management of chemotherapy-induced symptoms should be considered.
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