Background Anemia is more prevalent among women, and it is a moderate public health problem in Ethiopia. The wealth status and place of residence of a woman have implications on the intervention of anemia. Studies that examined the relationship between women’s wealth index status and residency in Ethiopia are scarce. We aimed to identify the urban–rural differential in the association between household wealth index and anemia among women of childbearing age in Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional design was employed with a nationally representative sample of 14,100 women aged 15–49-year-old from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey conducted in 2016. We used the two-stage sampling method to select the sample size. The primary outcome was anemia in women of childbearing age. A hemoglobin level of below 11 g/dl for pregnant women and 12 g/dl for non-pregnant women was the indicator of anemia. Using a three-level random intercept model to explore associated factors at the individual and household levels quantified the observed and unobserved variations between household wealth index and residence on anemia. Results Women belonging to a lower household wealth index category were more anemic (29.6%) than those middle and above wealth index categories. Women who lived in rural areas (25.5%) were prone to anemia than those who lived in urban areas (17.5%). The odds of anemia were significantly higher in women of the low household wealth category who living in rural compared to women of the middle and above household wealth category who living in urban (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.65, P < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, anemia is more common among women who live in rural with the low house wealth category. Therefore, novel public health interventions should target women who live in rural areas with the lowest household wealth status.

Background: Anemia is more prevalent among women, and it is a moderate public health problem in Ethiopia. The wealth status and place of residence of a woman have implications on the intervention of anemia. Studies that examined the relationship between women’s wealth index status and place of residency in Ethiopia are scarce. We aimed to identify the urban-rural differential in the association between household wealth index and anemia among women of childbearing age in Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional design was employed with nationally representative sample of 14100 women aged 15–49-year-old from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey conducted in 2016. Samples were selected by the two-stage clustering sampling method. The primary outcome was anemia in women of childbearing age. A hemoglobin level of below 11 g/dl for pregnant women and 12 g/dl for non-pregnant women was used as the indicator of anemia. Using a three-level random intercept model to explored associated factors at individual and household levels quantified the observed and unobserved variations between households’ wealth index and place of residence. Results: Women of low household wealth index category were anemic (29.6%) than those middle and rich wealth index categories. Women who live in rural areas were (25.5%) were anemic than those who live in urban. The odds of anemia were significantly higher in women of low household wealth category, compared to women of high household wealth category (AOR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.14–1.65, P < 0.001). This is not true for women to live in urban residency. Conclusion: Since the driver of anemia in this study is the palace of residency affecting women of reproductive age groups, novel public health interventions should consider urban residency those women with the lowest household wealth status.

Background A significantly greater proportion of patients who die due to aspiration pneumonia were diagnosed with in-hospital aspiration pneumonia (19%). The incidence and major predictors are not known clearly, especially in Ethiopia. Objective To determine the incidence and predictors of aspiration pneumonia among adult traumatic brain injury patients at Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, Bahir Dar, North west Ethiopia, in 2021. Methods An institution-based retrospective study was conducted from all admitted adult traumatic brain injury patients at Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 for 51 days of survival. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan–Meier survival curve log rank test, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model were used. Results A total of 396 adult patients diagnosed and admitted with traumatic brain injury in the past 5 years were included. Seventy patients (17.67%) developed aspiration pneumonia, providing an incidence rate of 32.39 (95% CI=25-62–40.94) per 1,000 person days of observation. Independent predictors were being referred for AHR (2.43; 95% CI=1.12–5.25), nasogastric tube insertion AHR (3.02; 95% CI=1.43–6.39), and baseline Glasgow coma scale <8 AHR (3.88; 95% CI=1.42–10.062). Conclusion Having a nasogastric tube and low baseline Glasgow coma scale were significant predictors. This improves prehospital and hospital care during transportation and admission time.