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The effect of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O and (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 primary solutions as the starting materials in the synthesis of a calcium phosphate phase was examined. Therefore, wet chemical reactions were investigated in solution at different temperatures by hydrothermal conditions aimed at hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HAp) synthesis. The powders were investigated by XRD, SEM, FE-TEM, HRTEM, EDAX, SAED, and FTIR. It is found that the HAp have diameters of 25-50 nm and lengths of 120±30 nm with different morphologies. As a matter of fact, the hydrothermal method guarantees the production of HAp for different applications.

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In this study, hydroxyapatite (denoted as HAp) nanostructure with uniform morphologies, controllable size, nano-dispersion and narrow size distribution in diameter has been synthesized successfully by low-temperature hydrothermal process, and the as-synthesized powders were characterized by XRD, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy, FT-IR, Zetasizer and inductively coupled plasma. In the present work, a novel sonochemical technique using CaHPO(4)2H(2)O/NaOH/distilled water with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ((CH(3)(CH(2))(15)N(+)(CH(3))(3)Br(-)) designated as CTAB) under a hydrothermal condition to synthesize HAp nanostructure was described. Furthermore, the usage of a high basic condition and a water environment are the two crucial keys in ensuring the formation of HAp in the hydrothermal/sonochemical processes. However, the crystallite size and crystallinity degree of the HAp increased with increasing annealing temperature. Indeed, the present work will introduce a new method in synthesizing HAs for scientific and medical engineering.

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