Electric vehicles (EVs) have a huge development, which lead to decrease the fuel consumptions, emissions, and help in keeping the environment clean but, this development has an impact on distribution systems operation in case of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) which may not well managed. Subsequently, it is critical to select the ideal charging/discharging methods. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) system is proposed to decide the charging/discharging priority level of each electric vehicle (EV) based on the associated state-ofcharge (SOC) level of the battery. The fuzzy logic controller is utilized to control the electric vehicle (EV) charging/discharging process to achieve the benefits of the electricity network and electric vehicles (EVs) owners, as well. The benefit of the electricity network is related to improving the voltage profile. The simulation of a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) System is chosen as a case study in this paper to execute simulations. The methodology is based on plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The power flow control and the Powertrain component sizing are emphatically related to their design will significantly influence the vehicle performance, cost, efficiency, and fuel economy. Subsequently, it is essential to evaluate the power flow management methodology at the Powertrain design stage in order to minimize component sizing, cost, and the vehicle fuel consumption for a given driving cycle. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller strategy for hybrid energy storage in distributing power flow between the ultra-capacitors and the batteries.
The advent of distributed generation (DG) units has posed many problems to the planning and operation of distribution networks (DS). The selection of the "best" site for the DG installation is a major problem in this context. Different strategies and methods have been developed in the recent years which deal with this problem. However, Complexity of solutions and inadequate manipulation have hindered their utilization by DS planners. This paper presents a robust and practical tool which helps the distribution network planner in getting the best possible location of DG unit taking into account both reliability of supply and voltage sag problems. The method suggested uses knowledge-base expert system (ES) to help in selecting the appropriate locations. The method suggested is based on economic and technical considerations. It investigates with economic loss due to both voltage sag and forced outage of DS components. It concerns with the effect of location of the added DG on the overall network performance during both steady-state when a forced outage occurring on one or more component of the DS and transients after sudden short-circuit. Using ES avoids mathematical complications of solving complex analytical model. By judicious rule-base ES, selection of optimum locations becomes clear and simple. The suggested method is explained and implemented through practical distribution network and its effectiveness is tested and discussed.I.
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