Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated developmental disease characterized by persistent difficulties in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive activities. Our goal is to deliver a step ahead awareness on neurodevelopment in ASD by early behavioral screenings, genetic testing, and detection of various environmental triggers. This would significantly reduce the tally of people with autistic characteristics. As of now much work is to be done in understanding and treating ASD. Firstly, awareness campaigns must be organized and maintained so that ASD children can be identified and treated feasibly. Secondly, prenatal and prepregnancy environmental risk awareness, including advice against consanguineous marriages, information on optimum mother nutrition, and minimizing pollutants exposure can be focused. Finally, the extension of genetic screening along with early postnatal monitoring of newborn feeding, nutrition, and eye contact will help in early therapy. People with ASD have strict dietary habits, but they are also more prone to gastrointestinal problems including diarrhoea, constipation, and sometimes irritable bowel syndrome. Despite significant studies on the symptoms and possible causes of ASD, GI dysfunction is becoming a hot issue of discussion. Dietary strategies can partially help to alleviate both GI and behavioural issues due to link between gut-microbiota and brain activity. Dietary treatments may be less expensive, easier to administer, and have fewer adverse effects than pharmacological interventions. Hence, there is an increasing interest in autistic children's customized diets and supplements. Future studies should look at whether these diets are applicable to diverse people and whether they are practical in various circumstances (areas with fewer resources, lower socioeconomic areas, countries with different dietary restrictions, etc.). The dietary phytochemicals including curcumin, resveratrol, naringenin, and sulforaphane have a substantial role as a neurotherapeutic agent. These agents can act as an antioxidant, immunomodulator, gut microbiota modulator and Nrf2 activator to provide benefits in ASD patients. Hence an urgent need is to create brain-targeted delivery methods for these dietary phytochemicals and to investigate their therapeutic value in ASD.

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Background Several mechanisms have been explored for the anthracycline myocardial toxicity. These are free-radical generation, myocyte apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial deterioration, and direct repression of muscle-specific gene expression. Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) is a potent anti-cancer agent. Adriamycin in prolonged use is fatal and generates free radicals that lead to dose-dependent cardiac toxicity. Objective The intent of the study was to explore the protective activity of candesartan and quercetin in cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin in rats. Methods To induce cardiac toxicity, rats were intraperitoneally treated with doxorubicin (06 equivalent injections of 2.5 mg/kg, i. p. at 48 hour interval for 02 consecutive weeks to achieve a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg). Individual and combined oral treatment of candesartan (5 mg/kg/day) and quercetin (10 mg/kg/day) was administered for four weeks. Results Following cardiomyopathy, heart/body weight ratio (3.526 × 10 −3 ), serum creatine kinase (352.4±16.99 IU/L), lactate dehydrogenase (661.7±20.45 IU/L) levels were elevated in addition to altered lipid profile (TC – 118.4±4.25 mg/dL, TG – 263.3±9.99 mg/dL, VLDL – 52.66±1.99 mg/dL, LDL – 52.99±5.80 mg/dL and HDL – 12.78±0.36 mg/dL). The pre-cotreatment of candesartan and quercetin significantly restored the values to normal. The increased level of lipid peroxides (33.12±1.63 µmol/mg protein), serum troponin-T (1.82 ± 0.11 pg/mL) and nitric oxide (13.33±0.73 nmol/mg protein) level along with attenuating antioxidant profile, ie catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase (1.43±0.12 nmol/mg protein, 8.48±0.42 nmol/mg protein and 2.09±0.031 U/mg protein) were reversed to normal. Morphometry and histopathologic changes represented a beneficial effect of single and combination pre-cotreatment of drugs which significantly decreases adriamycin cardiac toxicity. Conclusion The overall result depicts more beneficial and cardioprotective effect of quercetin and candesartan combination as compared to their individual effects in doxorubicin treated animals. Therefore, this combination might be a suitable option to treat the cardiotoxic effect of doxorubicin.

Available online on:15.01.2018@http://ijrdpl.com http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL. 2278-0238.2018.7(1). [2893][2894][2895] ABSTRACT: Smilax zeylanica is a plant species in the genus smilax. Its leaves and roots are used for medicinal purposes. The plant is widespread in India, and native in other parts of the Indian subcontinent as well as in Myanmar, Malaysia, java and islands. It is perennial, dioecious shrub of climbing nature. Leaves of Smilax zeylanica are found in various shapes like ovate, elliptic, oblanceolate which are generally round at base. It is known with different names like in Hindi-Chobchini, Bhitura, Kumarika and Ramdatun; Sanskrit: Chopachinee, Vanamadhusnuhi: Tamil-ayadi, Tirunamappalai. The plants contain 1-3% steroidal Saponins, phytosterols, starch, resin, sarsapic acid and minerals. Leaves and roots contain diosgenin. It is traditionally used for ulcers. Antiulcer activity of Smilax zeylanica it is one of the larval host plants of the butterfly Zesius chrysomallus. It is one of the safe and efficacious medicinal used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments. As per Ayurveda the plant is useful against skin diseases pitta, insanity, diarrhea, colic, vata, syphilis, gonorrhea, fever, arthritis, leucorrhoea, impotency and general weakness etc. its roots are used as substitute for sarsaparilla. It also possesses many pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, anticancer, anthelmintic, antioxidant, antiepileptic, hepatoprotective, pesticidal, immunomodulatory, antibacterial and antarthritic.

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