Flavonoids have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antibacterial and antiviral efficacy. Therefore, in this study, we choose 85 flavonoid compounds and screened them to determine their in-silico interaction with protein targets crucial for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The five important targets chosen were the main protease (Mpro), Spike receptor binding domain (Spike-RBD), RNA - dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp or Nsp12), non-structural protein 15 (Nsp15) of SARS-CoV-2 and the host angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) spike-RBD binding domain. The compounds were initially docked at the selected sites and further evaluated for binding free energy using the molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MMGBSA) method. The three compounds with the best binding scores were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The compound, tribuloside, had a high average binding free energy of -86.99 and -88.98 kcal/mol for Mpro and Nsp12, respectively. The compound, legalon, had an average binding free energy of -59.02 kcal/mol at the ACE2 spike-RBD binding site. The compound, isosilybin, had an average free binding energy of -63.06 kcal/mol for the Spike-RBD protein. Overall, our results suggest that the tribuloside, legalon and isosilybin compounds should be evaluated in future studies to determine their efficacy to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.

A simple, sensitive, precise, accurate, rapid and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic procedure is developed for simultaneous determination of rabeprazole sodium and itopride hydrochloride in solid dosage form. The mobile phase used was a combination of acetonitrile: buffer (35:65 v/v) and the pH was adjusted to 7.0 ± 0.1 by addition of triethylamine. The detection of the capsule dosage form was carried out at 266 nm and a flow rate employed was 1 mL/min. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 2 to 16 μg/mL of rabeprazole sodium and 5 to 55 μg/mL of itopride hydrochloride with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992 and 0.9996 respectively. The results of the analysis were validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method.

2-Amino-5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized via the interaction of 2-amino-5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole, Ar-Cl, and benzene sulfonamide/benzene sulfonyl chloride. Twelve compounds were synthesized, out of which six compounds show significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and were devoid of gastrointestinal side effects (ulcerogenic effect), which zre the most frequent adverse reactions associated with orally ingested anti-inflammatory or antiarthritic agents.

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Objective:: Recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 described in Wuhan China in December-2019 spread widely almost all the countries of the world. Corona virus (COVID-19) is causing the unexpected death of many peoples and severe economic loss in several countries. Virtual screening based on molecular docking, drug-likeness prediction, and in silico ADMET study has become an effective tool for the identification of small molecules as novel antiviral drugs to treat diseases. Methods:: In the current study, virtual screening was performed through molecular docking for identifying potent inhibitors against Mpro enzyme from the ZINC library for the possible treatment of COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, some compounds are identified as possible anti-covid-19 agents for future research. 350 compounds were screened based on their similarity score with reference compound X77 from ZINC data bank and were subjected to docking with crystal structure available of Mpro enzyme. These compounds were then filtered by their in silico ADME-Tox and drug-likeness prediction values. Result:: Out of these 350 screened compounds, 10 compounds were selected based on their docking score and best docked pose in comparison to the reference compound X77. In silico ADME-Tox and drug likeliness predictions of the top compounds were performed and found to be excellent results. All the 10 screened compounds showed significant binding pose with the target enzyme main protease (Mpro) enzyme and satisfactory pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties. Conclusion:: Based on results we can suggest that the identified compounds may be considered for therapeutic development against the COVID-19 virus and can be further evaluated for in vitro activity, preclinical, clinical studies and formulated in a suitable dosage form to maximize their bioavailability.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) has become an attractive molecular target for drugs that aim to treat hyperglycemia. The object of our study is to identify the required molecular descriptor and essential amino acid residues for effective PPAR γ agonistic activity. In this work, we employed Molegro Virtual Docker program in all molecular docking simulations. Accuracy of receptor-compound docking was validated on a set of 15 PPAR γ-compound complexes for which crystallographic structures were available. The reliability of the docking results was acceptable with good root-mean-square deviation value (<2 Å). A significant correlation between different data derived from docking calculations and experimental data was revealed. Our results allowed identification of compounds with potential to become drugs against hyperglycemia.

A simple, sensitive, accurate and rapid reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous estimation of ramipril, aspirin and atorvastatin in pharmaceutical preparations. Chromatography was performed on a 25cm×4.6 mm i.d, 5µm particle, C18 column with Mixture of (A) acetonitrile methanol (65:35) and (B) 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (NaH2PO4.H2O) buffer and mixture of A:B (60:40 v/v) adjusted to pH 3.0 with o-phosphoric acid (5%v/v) was used as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 ml min-1. UV detection was performed at 230 nm. Total run time was less then 12 min; retention time for Ramipril, aspirin and Atorvastatin were 3.620, 4.920 min and 11.710 min respectively. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity and sensitivity in accordance with ICH guidelines. Validation revealed that the method is specific, rapid, accurate, precise, reliable, and reproducible. Calibration plots were linear over the concentration ranges 05-50 µg mL-1for Ramipril, 05-100 µgmL-1for aspirin and 02-20 µg mL-1for atorvastatin. Limits of detection were 0.014, 0.10 and 0.0095 ng mL-1limits of quantification were 0.043, 0.329 and 0.029 ng mL-1for ramipril aspirin and atorvastatin respectively. The high recovery and low coefficients of variation confirm the suitability of the method for simultaneous analysis of the all three drugs in the dosage forms. The validated method was successfully used for quantitative analysis of marketed pharmaceutical preparations.

Key words: Derivative spectrophotometry method; area under curve method; multi-component method; ciprofloxacin hydrochloride; tinidazole; hydrotropic agentDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v3i2.6541 S.J. Pharm. Sci 3(2): 37-42