 The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts on most Sustainable Development Goals, which may subside in the medium and long terms. Key impeding factors causing the negative impacts include lockdowns, unemployment, and diluted focus on non-COVID-19-related issues. The COVID-19 pandemic has also opened a short-lived and narrow window of opportunity for sustainable transformation.

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A field study was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of Punjab Agricultural University during kharif 2013 to evaluate the effect of organicand inorganic sources of nitrogen on maize. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications comprising three farmyardmanure levels (0, 15 and 20 t/ha) in main-plots and five nitrogen levels 0, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of recommended dose (125 kg/ha) throughinorganic fertilizer in sub-plots. Plant growth and yield characters and nutrient content as well as uptake were recorded. Number of leaves, leafarea index, chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen content at periodic intervals increased significantly with the application of farmyard manureand nitrogen. Increase in nutrient uptake viz., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake along with micronutrient uptake by grain was alsoobserved with incremental farmyard manure and nitrogen levels. Growth variables were correlated positively with each other and with grainyield. A fairly negative correlation was observed between micronutrient content and growth and yield variables.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11849 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 31-37

Philippines, Cambodia, and Laos. It holds ample significance as a vegetable crop in Terai and Mid-hill of Nepal since it can be grown in variety of soil and can be cultivated throughout the year. Generally, it is grown in Terai and Mid-Hill region during Bhadra-Asoj (August-September) and Magh-Falgun (February-March) respectively. Brinjal is a Kharif season crop in Nepal and mostly thrives best during long summer season with optimum temperature of 20°C-30°C for growth and fruit development. In Nepal, Brinjal cultivation is still non-commercial in most parts of the nation and further research on its pests and pathogens are yet to be carried out. Several insects like Fruit and Shoot Borer, White fly, Leaf hopper, Thrips, Mites, Leaf Roller, Red Spider Mite etc. are found to cause loss in Brinjal in different parts of the world. The key pest of Brinjal; Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) are responsible for causing huge damage to the growth and development of stems, young sprouts, buds and fruits as well. This insect can also attack other vegetables of solanaceae family (alternate host) and results in severe losses. Larvae bore inside the fruit and reduce its yield up to 70%-75% [1-3]. This larva of this insect has unique nature of feeding on monophagous diet aided by homing and tunneling behavior which ultimately enables the adult Introduction Pertinent data were collected with consultation of journal articles, research articles, proceedings, annual reports, thesis, review reports, survey reports, library books etc. covering the insect biol

Maize is the second largest crop grown in Nepal and is grown in all three geographic zones. The objective of this study is to analyse the energy input-output of maize production systems. The study is conducted in Sundarharaincha municipality of Morang district, Nepal, using direct questionnaires methods for the collection of primary data of varying landholding sizes farmers. The study revealed that total energy input and output for maize production system found about 10, 999.61 MJ/ha and 45, 501.52 MJ/ha, respectively, with the highest share by farmyard manure (FYM) about 50%. The energy use efficiency was found 4.14. Total CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions due to chemical inputs were found 163.24 kg/ha, 0.03 kg/ha and 0.33 kg/ha, respectively. The total Global warming potential was found 178.58 CO2 eq. per ha. The average cost of production were calculated USD 301.35/ha and profit USD 272.26/ha.

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