The energy input-output analysis of maize production in Sundarharaincha Municipality, Morang district, Nepal

Poudel, Sandesh; Bhattarai, Saurabh; Sherpa, Tsering; Karki, A.; Kim, Dae Hyun; Kafle, Sagar

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/301/1/012027

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The highest and the lowest energy required for producing a crop unit yield were 8.8 and 11.8 allocated to the first and the fifth methods, respectively. Planting with moldboard plow, roller and seed drill and minimum tillage system allocated 32.5% and 19% of total input energy to wheat production system [9]. It can be concluded from this research that minimum tillage lessened energy consumption in machinery and diesel fuel sectors; and since grain yield achieved in this method was not the lowest, its energy efficiency was higher than other seed bed preparation methods.…”

Section: Seed Bed Preparationmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…▪ Energy consumption for crop planting: it includes all energy consumed for seed bed preparation, seed sowing, crop nutrition through application of fertilizers, crop protection by using pesticides and energy needed for plant harvesting (like human labor, machinery and diesel fuel) [1]. ▪ Energy consumption after crop harvesting: energy consumed for transporting, packaging and storage of agricultural products falls into this category [8,9].…”

Section: Of Energy Consumption In Agroecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When two production systems with the same crop are compared with each other, higher energy productivity indicates that agronomic system produced higher yield per unit of consumed energy. It is clear that an agronomical system with higher energy productivity has a greater energy efficiency [9].…”

Section: Energy Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of machinery has a substantial impact on energy consumption in seed bed preparation stage. In this case, five methods of seed bed preparation for wheat production were compared in a research [9]: 1. Moldboard plow, roller and seed drill 2.…”

Section: Seed Bed Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Energy Efficiency in Agronomical Systems

Eskandari

2023

IJEE

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Increasing demand for agricultural products and production of resource constraints-especially the limitation of cultivable areas -have made the highest yield per unit area the main goal of agricultural producers. Agriculture is a system exhibiting high energy consumption and production. Since energy has a direct impact on the efficiency of crop production, a sustainable agricultural system needs to be analyzed in terms of its input and output energy to determine the total consumed energy of production per unit area. The difference between input and output energy determines energy efficiency of an agronomical system. Input energy requires being well analyzed to reduce energy consumption and increase energy efficiency. This paper reviews energy efficiency indices based on energy consumption during planting and harvesting. To enhance energy efficiency of agronomical systems, some strategies are discussed in detail, including using high quality seeds, minimum tillage systems, direct seeded rice, weeds control especially in irrigation canals and plant nutrition through agronomical management. Although some agronomical strategies -like complementary irrigation in dry land farming systemsincrease input energy, they increase crop yield. However, when output energy, resulting from the rise in crop yield, is higher than input energy, the system energy efficiency improves. Still, some inputs cannot be altered according to regional conditions which are often related to harvest stages operations.

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Section: Seed Bed Preparationmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Of Energy Consumption In Agroecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seed Bed Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Energy Efficiency in Agronomical Systems

Eskandari

2023

IJEE

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“…The study has concluded that the rice production via terai land and wheat production in a hilly region are more energy and environmentally efficient. A similar study also has been conducted for maize production in the eastern part of Nepal by Poudel et al in 2019(Poudel et al 2019, which estimated the energy use efficiency at a rate of 4.41.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

How Profitable and Energy-Efficient Is Nepal’s Crop Production? A Case Study of Spring Rice Production in Jhapa District

et al. 2021

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Purpose We investigated the energy usage, economics, and global warming potential (GWP) of spring rice production via farm sizes in Nepal. Methods Seventy farmers were selected via purposive sampling methods, and data were collected by interviewing the farmers on site. Results It was found that 22,987 mega joules of energy per hectare (MJ/ha) was invested in order to yield 77,355 MJ/ha worth of outputs (5262 kg/ha). The analysis shows that the highest share of energy input was contributed by machinery (33.50%) and least by chemicals (0.96%). It was further found that spring rice farming in Nepal is less energy productive (0.23 kg/MJ) and less energy efficient (3.37) than that of neighboring countries-such as India, China, and Pakistan. The total GWP is estimated about 720.56 kg CO 2 eq/ha. The average cost of production was found to equate to USD810.24/ha (or USD0.154/kg of production), and that profit only reached USD73.93/ha. Conclusion This study found that energy use, cost of production, and yield per ha all generally decrease as the size of the landholding increases, whereas energy use efficiency and profits increase to an optimum level of land size and inputs. Low profits could be the result of the small size of landholdings and low levels of mechanization. This can be improved by increasing energy inputs and practicing community-farming.

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Possibilities and challenges for converting waste biomass into fuel, feed, and fertilizer in Nepal

Kafle,

Gyawali,

Adhikari

et al. 2024

Reg Environ Change

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Waste biomass is mainly used conventionally, without being converted into valuable products in developing countries, e.g., Nepal, mainly due to a lack of proper conversion knowledge, infrastructure, and resource data. We assessed the amount of biomass at sub-national (geography, province, and district) levels in Nepal to explore its conversion possibilities and challenges. Our assessment includes waste biomass such as agriculture crop residues, municipal waste, livestock, and human waste. We identified their current utilization practices and discussed their conversion possibilities, focusing on fuel, feed, and fertilizers. We estimated that about 1.7–5.0 million tonnes (Mt) of pellet/briquette and biochar, 1.7–5.1 Mt of feed block, 129–387 million m3 of biogas, and 0.6–1.9 Mt of fertilizer can be produced in Nepal. The conversion of the waste biomass into valuable products can have significant environmental and economic benefits. Our findings can help authorities formulate appropriate policies and entrepreneurs to develop business plans for proper biomass utilization in Nepal at national and subnational levels.

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The energy input-output analysis of maize production in Sundarharaincha Municipality, Morang district, Nepal

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Improving Energy Efficiency in Agronomical Systems

Improving Energy Efficiency in Agronomical Systems

How Profitable and Energy-Efficient Is Nepal’s Crop Production? A Case Study of Spring Rice Production in Jhapa District

Possibilities and challenges for converting waste biomass into fuel, feed, and fertilizer in Nepal

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