This research utilizes corncob waste as activated carbon to be adsorbent. The objective of this research is to obtain the effect of corncob and sago powder as matrix composition in reducing vehicle exhaust gas emission. The composition used is 60 grams in every dough. It will be tested three times experimental which is 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 of corncob and sago powder variation of the composition, respectively. The result shows that the number of CO, HC, and CO 2 decreases to 0.24%, 75.87%, and 5.9%, respectively. The conclusion from this research show that activated carbon from corncob greatly affect exhaust gas emissions in a vehicle.
The quality of liquid smoke and charcoal product yield can be improved by conducting pyrolysis process through indirect heating process. However, a great huge of energy is required to reach the exact operating temperature. In this experiment, slow pyrolysis of coconut shell is performed for liquid smoke and charcoal production using indirect method where the feedstock is just heated in a tube by using LPG as the heat source. The effect of feedstock size and the operating temperature on the liquid smoke and charcoal yields are investigated by varying the coconut shell sizes in the ranges of 1 to 7 cm2, while the operating temperature is expected as low as possible to reduce the energy required. The optimum process conditions for maximizing the two products yields and quality were also identified to meet the user requirement. The various characteristics of liquid smoke obtained under the optimum conditions for maximum yield are identified based on standard test methods. Data from a simple way of charcoal and liquid smoke production during preliminary research of this study indicated that the coconut shell sizes, and the operating temperatures are the crucial parameter during process.
This study focuses on the potential of biomass to be developed becomes charcoal briquette. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (North Sumatra Province), the planted area and total coconut production of North Sumatra Province in 2019 were 110,345 hectares and 99,132 tons. The objective of this research is to obtain the properties of charcoal briquettes by varying the composition and pressure. The variations of the briquette moulding pressure are 80 and 100 Bar with composition variations of 1:10 and 1:15, respectively. The experimental tests were carried out to obtain Young’s modulus and wt% of briquette. The results showed that the value of tensile strength and wt% of briquette depends on the moulding pressure and duration of drying. The conclusion of this study shows that coconut shell and durian skin waste are very likely to be used as a renewable alternative fuel energy source as briquette.
Indonesia kaya akan sumber bahan pangan. Namun, masih banyak bahan pangan yang belum dimanfaatkan potensinya secara maksimal. Salah satu bahan pangan tersebut adalah Singkong. Tanaman ini merupakan bahan baku yang paling potensial untuk diolah menjadi tepung, salah satunya adalah tepung mocaf. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah pengolahan tepung mocaf yang diproduksi oleh mitra belum bisa dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Hal ini disebabkan karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam mengolah makanan berbahan dasar tepung mocaf pada ibu-ibu di Desa Sumberejo, Kecamatan Pagar Merbau, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, solusi yang dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan masalah adalah dengan memberikan pelatihan tentang ragam olahan makanan dari tepung mocaf serta pendampingan dalam praktek pembuatan produk makanan tersebut. Pelatihan dan pendampingan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan serta keterampilan dalam membuat berbagai olahan dari tepung mocaf. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah diskusi, wawancara, edukasi, pelatihan dan pendampingan melalui tahapan persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada bulan November tahun 2021. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan tepung mocaf dan kemampuan terkait bagaimana membuat berbagai produk makanan dari tepung mocaf yang memiliki nilai gizi dan nilai jual yang tinggi. Indonesia is rich in food sources. However, many foodstuffs still have not been utilized to their maximum potential. One of the foodstuffs that can be processed into food is sweet potatoes, or what we commonly call cassava. This plant is the most potential raw material to be processed into flour, one of which is mocaf flour. The problem is that the processing of mocaf flour produced by partners has not been utilized optimally. This is due to the lack of knowledge and skills in processing food based on mocaf flour in mothers in Sumberejo Village, Pagar Merbau District, Deli Serdang Regency. Based on these problems, the solution to solve the problem is to provide training on the variety of processed foods from mocaf flour and assistance in the practice of making these food products. Training and mentoring are carried out to improve knowledge and skills in making preparations from mocaf flour. The methods used in this community service activity are discussion, interview, education, training and mentoring through the stages of preparation, implementation and evaluation. The result of this activity is the increasing public knowledge about the utilization of mocaf flour and related abilities to make various food products from mocaf flour that have high nutritional value and selling value.
This research utilizes corncob waste for making bioethanol by RON 109. The objective of this research is to get the best performace of exhaust emission by mixing gasoline RON 90 from E5, E10, E15, E20, to E25, and 10:1, 11:1 and 12:1 of compression ratio. In addition, the control variable covered 1400 rpm, 2400 rpm, and 3400 rpm engine speed. The testing data of exhaust emission was taken only on the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC). The result on this biethanol from corncob waste showed that the lowest exhaust emission on carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon and recom mended to be used was found on E10 fuels at 10:1 compression ratio, and E20 fuels at 11:1 compression ratio. The result obtained from this research demonstrated that the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions that produced by corncob waste bioethanol were environmently friendly compared to gasoline use only (E0).
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