The increase number of cases on the misuse of halal logo and questionable status of halal food has raised many concerns among the Muslim consumers regarding the status of halal food in Malaysia. The various reports on the issues of fraud in halal food also indicate that there are weaknesses in the procedure of determining halal food. In this case, an investigation on the procedures and standard reference used by the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) to determine halal food in Malaysia needs to be conducted in order to gain the consumer's trust and confidence on JAKIM's logo. This study advocates that the concept of halalan tayyiban should be used as the framework to determine halal products as it considers both the physical and spiritual benefits of the food to mankind. So far, it has not been proven that the standard references used by JAKIM are consistent with this concept. Specifically, this study aimed to investigate the application of halalan tayyiban in the standards and procedures used by JAKIM to determine halal food in Malaysia. For this purpose, a framework for determining halal food based on the concept of halalan tayyiban has been developed. Four main standard references used by JAKIM, namely the Malaysian Standard MS 1500, MS 1480, MS 1514, Halal Food Manual Procedures, Food Acts 1983 and Food Regulations 1985 were then analysed based on the developed framework. Additionallly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected key personnel from JAKIM to verify the application of halalan tayyiban in the procedure of issuing halal food certification. This study revealed that the standard references used by JAKIM were consistent with the concept of halalan tayyiban. The practice taken by JAKIM's personnel to issue the halal food certification also conformed to the concept of halalan tayyiban. It can be concluded that JAKIM has applied the concept of halalan tayyiban in determining halal food in Malaysia. These findings help to improve the consumers' confidence on the food determined as halal by JAKIM. They also contribute to development of the well-being and sustainability of a community, especially the Muslim community.
Food premises that have secured the Halal Certification should comply with the requirements of the Internal Halal Assurance System (IHAS) in their premises. Internal Halal Assurance System (IHAS) is a system that ensures the integrity of halal food at the processing stage, thereby ensuring the production of halal and quality food. Although there is an increase in the number of food premises receive the Halal certificate by the Malaysian Islamic bodies, the continuous implementation of the IHAS at the respective food premises is still questionable. To ensure a sustainable practice of complying with the Halal certification system, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and skills of the implementing the IHAS among the executives at the respective food premises. This study adopted a qualitative research approach using interview technique on 39 executives at the halal food premises throughout the State of Malacca. It was found that the halal executives implemented the IHAS mainly based on their knowledge in Islam as they lack of knowledge on the requirements of IHAS. Therefore, it is suggested that they should be given continuous training so that a sustainable implementation of IHAS at the food premises can be achieved. This can contribute to the good practice of delivering quality and safe food at the food premises.
Research products commercialisation is one of the key agenda of the government to boost the economic growth in Malaysia. This has resulted universities and research institutes to consider commercialising research products as one of their critical activities for income generation. Although much emphasises and encouragement have been put forward to accelerate research products commercialisation related activities, however, commercialisation of research products especially among academics in Malaysia is less progressing and encouraging. It is said that commercialising of research products is a complex and risky process, and there are many possible ways to be adopted, especially relevant for academic researchers to guarantee its success. Thus, this paper aims to examine a generic framework for a successful research products commercialisation among academic researchers in Malaysia. For the purpose of the study, interviews were conducted with four academic researchers who have successfully commercialised their research products. Drawn from their experiences and insights, the study found that there are eight elements that contribute for a sustainable research products commercialisation. These elements are knowledge, skills and personal traits of the researcher, idea creation of the product, development, packaging and promotion of the product, paths of commercialisation, building competitive advantage within the market, selecting business partner, nurturing healthy relationship with business partner and facilities and supports. This study found that these elements are interrelated and interdependent with each other to achieve a sustainable research product commercialisation. These elements are useful for researchers and their business partners to develop an effective strategy for a succesful research products commercialisation.
Purpose This paper aims to explore the specific causes of failure among Malaysian female entrepreneurs who were provided with financial services by the microfinance institution: Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) to start up their own businesses. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a qualitative-based case study design approach, with data collected from a total of 18 female entrepreneurs who had failed to develop their businesses. In-depth personal interviews were conducted, coupled with personal observation via purposive cum snowball sampling. Findings Thematic analysis revealed a pattern-based outcome which discloses a variety of causes affecting the failure of Malaysian female entrepreneurship. These causes ranged from inter-related external factors which were perceived as beyond their control, such as personal life events, intensive competition and loan inflexibility to internal causes, which were related to lack of resources, poor financial management and personal dissatisfaction with their own business performance. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study provide valuable information for Malaysian economic policymakers in how to practically address the objectives of the National Women's Policy (NPW) and improve the innovative quality of their products and services. A thorough understanding of the specific obstacles facing female entrepreneurs in Malaysia is essential if policymakers are to improve opportunity exploitation efficiency and assist in mitigating the external and internal causes of business failure among Malaysian females. Originality/value Studies in this field have demonstrated that most new “start-ups” fail within three years of their establishment. While determinist, emotive and voluntarist theories can often provide an adequate explanation for the causes of business failure, it is clear that no single factor is usually responsible. Rather, multiple interrelated factors are found to be at play. This study, therefore, provides an integrative model for causes of business failure among small-business female entrepreneurs. It also represents one of only a few such studies in the literature and, to the best of knowledge at the time of writing, is the first such study that used an integrative approach to explain the causes of business failure in the Malaysian context.
Traffic lights play such important role in traffic management to control the traffic on the road. Situation at traffic light area is getting worse especially in the event of emergency cases. During traffic congestion, it is difficult for emergency vehicle to cross the road which involves many junctions. This situation leads to unsafe conditions which may cause accident. An Automatic Traffic Light Controller for Emergency Vehicle is designed and developed to help emergency vehicle crossing the road at traffic light junction during emergency situation. This project used Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to program a priority-based traffic light controller for emergency vehicle. During emergency cases, emergency vehicle like ambulance can trigger the traffic light signal to change from red to green in order to make clearance for its path automatically. Using Radio Frequency (RF) the traffic light operation will turn back to normal when the ambulance finishes crossing the road. Result showed the design is capable to response within the range of 55 meters. This project was successfully designed, implemented and tested.
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