Fire detection systems are designed to discover fires and allow the safe evacuation of occupants as well as protecting the safety of emergency response personnel. This paper describes the design and development of a fire detection and alert system. Temperature and flame sensors are used to indicate the occurrence of fire. This work consists of two parts, which are transmitter and receiver, both using ZigBee wireless technology. Arduino Uno is used as the microcontroller at the transmitter part to control the sensor nodes and give alert when over temperature and flame are detected. At the transmitter, the collected data from the sensors are transmitted by an XBee module operated as router node. At the receiver side, an XBee coordinator module which is attached to a computer using USB to serial communication captured the data for further processing. In addition, an interactive and user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) is developed. LabVIEW software is used to design the GUI which displays and analyze the possibility of fire happening. The system can display the fire location and provides early warning to allow occupants to escape the building safely.
Abstract-In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency (EE) optimization for a downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system with overlaying Device-toDevice (D2D) communications. Joint EE optimization is highly complex while a two-stage solution will utilize most of the bandwidth for cellular users and not providing sufficient bandwidth for D2D users. Using resource efficiency (RE) optimization approach that balances the bandwidth usage and EE, we propose a two-stage solution that optimizes RE for base station (BS) and EE for D2D pairs. To achieve higher EE, D2D communications operate in non-orthogonal mode, where each resource block (RB) not being assigned to the cellular users are reused by multiple D2D pairs. By exploiting a range of optimization tools including fractional programming, Dinkelbach approach, Lagrange dual decomposition, difference of convex functions, and concave-convex procedure, the original non-convex problem is transformed and we present an iterative two-stage RE-EE solution. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed resource allocation scheme provides comparable EE performance to a two-stage EE-EE solution with significant gain on EE for D2D users, and achieves much higher EE compared to a sum rate maximization scheme.
This paper explains the design and implementation of home security systems using the most widely deployed enhancement to the 802.15.4 standard, which is better known as Zigbee. Home security systems nowadays are expensive and complicated to install. Two types of sensors were used in this project, motion sensor and magnetic door sensor. These sensors were used as the end device to detect any intruder. If any intruder bypasses the motion sensor or the magnetic door sensor, a signal will be sent to the system and the alarm will be triggered together with Graphical User Interface (GUI) display on a personal computer. The performance of the designed system was analyzed in terms of detectable range and delay. Result shows that the designed system is capable of detecting up to 22 meters of distance for indoor use at maximum delays of 15 seconds. The home security system using Zigbee has been successfully designed, implemented and analyzed.
Traffic lights play such important role in traffic management to control the traffic on the road. Situation at traffic light area is getting worse especially in the event of emergency cases. During traffic congestion, it is difficult for emergency vehicle to cross the road which involves many junctions. This situation leads to unsafe conditions which may cause accident. An Automatic Traffic Light Controller for Emergency Vehicle is designed and developed to help emergency vehicle crossing the road at traffic light junction during emergency situation. This project used Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to program a priority-based traffic light controller for emergency vehicle. During emergency cases, emergency vehicle like ambulance can trigger the traffic light signal to change from red to green in order to make clearance for its path automatically. Using Radio Frequency (RF) the traffic light operation will turn back to normal when the ambulance finishes crossing the road. Result showed the design is capable to response within the range of 55 meters. This project was successfully designed, implemented and tested.
<span>Local area network (LAN) as Bluetooth, WiFi and ZigBee are well established technology. The biggest problem with many LAN is the battery consumption and short ranges link budgets. LoRa is a new, private, unlicensed and spread spectrum modulation technique which allows sending low rates at extremely long ranges with minimal power consumption. More importantly, there is no access fee associated with this type of wireless technology. The main idea behind this work is to conduct performance and capability analysis of a currently available LoRa transceiver. We develop a location monitoring system using LoRa and global positioning system (GPS) module and we analyze the detectable range of its data, its battery consumption as well as received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Our deployment experiment demonstrates that the sy<span>stem is able to detect the transmitted data within 290 meters of distances. Using 6 volts of battery AA, the transmission of data still occurred after 24 hours</span>. <span>This project is emphasized a location monitoring system that provide low power usage</span> but long range.</span>
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