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Background: Cervical abrasion is defined as the loss of tooth substance that occurs in the absence of carious mechanism at cementoenamel junction of a tooth. This type of lesion can cause discommoding effects in dental health. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of cervical abrasion among general population in Chitwan and to relate the find­ing to probable etiology, thereby developing an etiological hypothesis that can be beneficial during treatment. Methods: The study was carried out between August 2019 and October 2019 in 500 adults who attended the department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, COMS-TH. A proforma con­sisting of demographic data, type of diet and oral hygiene practices was used for the data col­lection and each patient went through a clinical examination as well. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis was performed and Chi-square test of association was done. Results: Total prevalence of cervical abrasion in the study population was 10.4%. A statistically sig­nificant relationship was observed between cervical abrasion, gender, age, toothbrush frequency, method of tooth brushing and type of toothbrush employed. The study affirmed that population with cervical abrasion had hypersensitivity. Conclusions: The prevalence of cervical abrasions was seen to increase with age, frequency of toothbrushing, faulty method of toothbrushing and use of inappropriate type of toothbrush. Hence, it is advocated that dental professionals guide people on correct brushing technique and use of appropriate type of toothbrush to avoid and prevent this problem from worsening.

BackgroundDoor-to-balloon (DTB) time of 90 min during primary angioplasty is considered as the benchmark duration. Shorter DTB time is preferable, and longer duration can have poor clinical outcomes.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study of three months in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center was conducted in which all patients undergoing primary angioplasty were included. The DTB time was calculated, and the different determining factors were studied.ResultsSeventy-nine patients undergoing primary percutaneous intervention were studied. The median DTB time was 79 minutes (Interquartile range [IQR] 59–115 min). Forty-six (58.2%) patients had a DTB time of less than 90 min. DTB time varied significantly with direct visit vs transfer (p = 0.029) and office time visit (9 am–5 pm) vs off time (5 pm–9 am) (p = 0.012). DTB time did not differ between any infarct-related vessels (p = 0.471), number of vessels involved (p = 0.638), and the added procedures (defibrillation, thrombosuction, and temporary pacemaker insertion) (p = 0.682) during angioplasty. No significant differences were recorded according to age (p = 0.330), gender (p = 0.254), hypertension (p = 0.073), diabetes (p = 0.487), heart failure (p = 0.316), and baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.819).ConclusionThe median DTB time in primary angioplasty was less than 90 minutes. The significant determining factors were timing of hospital visit (office vs off time) and type of visit (direct vs transfer). There can be improvement in factors determining DTB time to lower it further.

Background: Coronal approach has been widely used by maxillofacial surgeons around the world for wide exposure and fixation of upper midface fractures. Coronal approach hides the scar in hair and completely avoids any incisions on face thus providing better aesthetic outcome. Our aim was to describe the data on indications and complications associated with coronal approach in our patient population. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study was planned and data was collected from a study population of all patients treated with coronal approach for facial fractures from January 2016 to June 2019. Demographic variables, Type of fracture, hemicoronal or bicoronal approach used and early complications of hematoma, infection and dehiscence were recorded. Delayed complications of neurosensory disturbances, facial nerve weakness, temporal hollowing and alopecia scar in hair bearing area was recorded. Results: Isolated zygomatic arch fracture was most common indication with 14 cases followed by ZMC fractures with 12 cases, NOE fracture with 7 cases, Lefort III with 6 cases and Frontal bone fracture with 2 cases. Hematoma was not observed in any of our cases. Infection was observed in 2 cases (4.8%), Dehiscence was observed in 5 cases (11.9%), Neurosensory disturbance was observed in 12 cases (28.6%). Permanent neurosensory changes beyond 6 months of follow up was not observed. Alopecia scar was seen in 7 cases (16.7%) and Facial nerve weakness was observed in 4 cases (9.5%). Conclusions: Coronal approach is best approach in terms of exposure provided to upper midface fractures and can be safely performed with minimal complications. Keywords: complications; coronal approach; upper midface fractures.

Introduction: Maxillofacial injury is one of the commonest causes of surgery performed by anoral and maxillofacial surgeon. Socioeconomic conditions, cultural variation, age, and genderaffect the etiology of the injury. The study is aimed to find the prevalence of facial injury that isoperated by the oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the College of Medical Sciences and TeachingHospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, a tertiary hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using the chart from the hospitalregistry for the patient being operated under general anesthesia from April 1, 2017, to March2019. Simple random sampling was done using computer-generated random numbers. Ethicalapproval was received from the Institutional Review Committee of the hospital. The Data forthe reason for surgery, age, age groups etiology, and tissue involvement were analyzed usingStatistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Results: Facial injury occupies 378 (71.59%) of the total operation performed by Oral andMaxillofacial surgeon in a tertiary hospital. Soft tissue 196 (52.85%) and facial bone fracture182 (48.15%) is distributed among the facial injuries. Young adults are commonly affected, andthe road traffic accident is the major cause of facial trauma. Conclusions: Facial injury-related surgeries are more prevalent in the tertiary hospital ofBharatpur.

Morphogenic developmental anomalies are common in maxillary lateral incisors, but simultaneous occurrence of two developmental anomalies in a single tooth is relatively uncommon. In this case report, we present a case of cooccurrence of the talon’s cusp with dens invaginatus in the left lateral incisor tooth. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of such cases are important to prevent any untoward consequences.

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Background: Mandibular third molar's roots have close proximity to the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) and nerve. Inferior alveolar nerve injuries have been observed to occur more frequently when there is radiographic evidence of close contact of third molar roots to the IAC. Orthopantomogram is one of the commonly used diagnostic tools for evaluating the relationship between these two structures. There is lack of data regarding prevalence of these radiographic signs in Nepalese population. It was required to assess the reliability on the radiographic signs of relationship between the IAC and the third molar roots, to establish IAC as risk indicators for IAC exposure during extraction.Methods: A single centre cross-sectional descriptive study was designed where demographic data and radiographic signs of third molar roots proximity to IAC were obtained from imaging software records and descriptive analysis was performed with SPSS version 20.Results: One or more radiographic signs were observed in 49.6% of mandibular third molars. Interruption of white line followed by narrowing of canal and darkening of roots was observed in decreasing order of frequency and no statistically significant association between sex, age and side of impacted third molar with presence of radiographic signs.Conclusions: Presence of one or more radiographic signs of proximity of mandibular third molar roots with IAC in nearly half of the cases. Clinicians should be aware of risk of nerve injury on presence of these signs. Further investigation with cone beam computed tomography to rule out any nerve injury risk should be adopted into practice.