Because of the intrinsic complexity, the classification of wounds is important for the diagnosis, management, and choosing the correct treatment based on wound type. Generally, burn injuries are classified as a class of wounds in which injury is caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation. On the other hand, wound healing is a complex process, and understanding the biological trend of this process and differences in the healing process of different wounds could reduce the possible risk in many cases and greatly reduce the future damage to the injured tissue and other organs. The aim of this review is to provide a general perspective for the burn wound location among the other types of injuries and summarizing as well as highlighting the differences of these types of wounds with emphasizing on factors affecting thereof.
Wound healing process is a natural and intricate response of the body to its injuries and includes a well-orchestrated sequence of biochemical and cellular phenomena to restore the integrity of skin and injured tissues. Complex nature and associated complications of burn wounds lead to an incomplete and prolonged recovery of these types of wounds. Among different materials and systems which have been used in treating the wounds, nanotechnology driven therapeutic systems showed a great opportunity to improvement and enhancement of the healing process of different type of wounds. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the recent studies about the various nanotechnology-based management of burn wounds and the future outlook of these systems in this area. Laboratory and animal models for assessing the efficacy of these systems in burn wound management also discussed. K E Y W O R D S burn wound, laboratory and animal models, multicomposites, nanomedicine, nanotechnologybased systems, nanoparticles, scaffolds
Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common health concerns among women and is the leading cause of cancer-related death around the world. Women, in particular young women facing unique and complex problems with breast cancer. Physical, psychological, emotional, educational, and long-term breast cancer-related problems have been recognized for these vulnerable populations. Besides BC patients, their families and relatives challenge with various problems such as financial and supportive issues in supporting these patients. Methods: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the BC patient’s major problems and describe current supportive initiatives and programs that support these patients, their advancements to date, existing challenges, and possible future actions. Data collection took place by conducting a comprehensive search on the internet, Medline, PubMed, and google scholar databases. We also discuss the contingency options, which lead to improving medical and supportive care, as well as overcoming barriers to providing comprehensive and optimal care and support for these unique groups of patients. Results: The result revealed that several comprehensive and well-developed breast cancer programs and initiatives have been established around the world for providing and focusing on BC patient’s clinical care, supportive care, education, survivorship, navigation, and research. However, despite considerable advancement in this area, there are still significant challenges in addressing the BC patient’s needs. Conclusion: Evaluation of the current situation of BC patient’s treatment and quality of life highlighted the importance of developing and implementing the new and most efficient healthcare programs and protocols, as well as improving and optimizing the existing ones to improve and enhance the survival rate and quality of life of BC patients. Keywords: Cancer, Breast cancer, Breast cancer issues, Breast cancer programs.
Recently, wearing facemasks in public has been raised due to the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic worldwide. However, the performance and effectiveness of many existing products have raised significant concerns among people and professionals. Therefore, greater attempts have been focused recently to increase the efficacy of these products scientifically and industrially. In this respect, doping or impregnating facemask fabrics with metallic substances or nanoparticles like silver nanoparticles has been proposed. So, in the present study, we aimed to sonochemically coat silver nanoparticles on the non-woven Spunbond substrates at different sonication times and concentrations to develop antibacterial and antiviral facemask. The coated substrates were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-Ray, X-ray diffraction, and Thermogravimetry analysis. The amount of silver released from the coated substrates was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The filtration efficiency, pressure drop, and electrical conductivity of the coated samples were also investigated. The antibacterial activity of fabrics was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Cellular viability of samples assessed by MTT and brine shrimp lethality tests. The results revealed that the higher sonication times and precursor concentrations result in a higher and more stable coating, larger particle size, wider particle size distribution, and lower content of released silver. Coated fabrics also revealed enhanced filtration efficiency (against nanosize particles), desired pressure drop, and antibacterial activity without significant cytotoxicity toward HEK 293 cells and Artemia nauplii. As a result, the coated fabrics could find potential applications in the development of facemasks for protection against different pathogenic entities.
Recently, wearing facemasks in public has been raised due to the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic worldwide. However, the performance and effectiveness of many existing products have raised significant concerns among people and professionals. In this respect, doping or impregnating facemask fabrics with metallic substances or nanoparticles like silver nanoparticles has been proposed. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to sonochemically deposit silver nanoparticles on the non-woven Spunbond substrates at different sonication times and concentrations to develop reusable antibacterial and antiviral facemask for protection against coronavirus. The coated substrates were characterized in terms of morphological, mechanical, and functional characteristics. The results confirmed high and uniform deposition of silver nanoparticles on Spunbond fabrics with desirable stability and mechanical properties. Evaluation of functional characteristics of the resultant fabrics showed suitable particle filtration efficiency, pressure drop, and electrical conductivity, which are essential elements for a desired facemask with enhanced protection and support of normal breath. The prepared fabrics also showed high antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria without any significant cytotoxicity effect toward HEK 293 cells and brine shrimp.
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