To manufacture high-strength and high-performance concrete, the incorporation of silica fume with concrete was becoming popular nowadays. When utilizing various amounts of cement substitute products, the design becomes even more complicated. The latest research has been dedicated to researching the applicability of cement substitute products for cement kiln dust (CKD) and silica fume (SF). In permeability and compressive strength terms, the effect of these components on the efficacy of the concrete would be studied. Also, the materials proposed might limit greenhouse gas emissions, which will mitigate climate change on other causes of global pollution. Casting a standard concrete cube (100 percent OPC) equivalent to (150 gm) would initiate the experiment, which was utilized later for comparative purposes. The industrial waste materials (SF and CKD) was be applied as cement substitution proportions (10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent) of the dry cement weight at varying percentages of each component (5 percent, 10 percent, and 15 percent). Eventually, after 7, 14, 28 days, the compressive strength shift would be calculated. The permeability of the latest concrete will be checked after (7, 14, and 28) days of healing utilizing ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) technology. The experimental findings indicate that with a specimen comprising 20 percent of (SF and CKD) relative to (100 percent OPC) specimen, there is an improvement in compressive intensity and pulse velocity values in various curing times and specimens of various (SF and CKD) specimen M3 have a decrease in pulse velocity value after 7 curing days.
Permeable pavement is widely used to improve the water circulation systems in urban areas. The advantages of using permeable pavement include the storage of rainwater, reduction of runoff, out-flow delay and reduction of peak discharge. Permeable friction course (PFC) is mixed as a thin surface layer of asphalt pavement in order to achieve environmental and safety benefits. This mixture creates a surface course of a permeable compacted mix of aggregates, consisting of sand, binder, and asphalt, that is blended hot in the mixing stage. The aim of this research is to determine the best characteristics of such permeable mixtures. In this study, three aggregate distributions of minimum, medium, and maximum specifications are utilised to select the best proportions of asphalt cement for a porous asphalt surface. The results show that the medium gradation meets the requirements and can thus be considered the best gradient. The optimal binder content is found to be 6.3% for permeable asphalt mixtures
Designing mixtures of asphalt with a porous structure to gain good trainability decreases both the propagation and generation of traffic noise. Porous asphalt (PA) mixtures use crushed stone, a small proportion of processing sand, admixtures, and asphalt binders. Therefore, this study aims to examine the impact of adding crumbed rubber into the mix of PA. However, the optimum amount of the binder used in the reference mixture without crumb rubber (CR) and the mixture with 10, 15, and 20% of crumbed rubber waste was identified by utilizing drain down. The test of Cantabro loss, air voids, and indirect tests of tensile and permeability were performed on samples to identify the influence of adding crumbed rubber on the features of the PA mixes. The optimum asphalt content achieved is 6.3%. The results indicated that CR decreases PA permeability, while the additional amount of crumbed rubber in PA negatively influences PA characteristics.
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