Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out in order to determine the effects of water supply and sowing date on the performance and essential oil production of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). The results indicated that mean leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth rate (RGR), relative water content (RWC), grain yield and essential oil decreased, while the root/shoot ratio and the oil percentage of the seeds increased when the available soil water decreased to below 80% in the greenhouse. It was concluded that for higher grain and essential oil production, anise must be sown early in the spring (April 4 to 16) in Tabriz. Water deficit during stem elongation and umbel appearance reduced anise growth, grain yield and oil production. Seeds harvested at the waxy stage had higher oil content than those harvested at earlier or later stages.

A sub-sample of lentil (Lens culinaris 'Kimia') seeds was kept as bulk (S 1 ) and another sample was separated to large (S 2 ) and small (S 3 ) seeds. A sub-sample of each size was kept as control or high vigor seed lot (A 1 ) and the two other subsamples were artificially aged for 2 and 4 days (A 2 and A 3 , respectively). Field performance of these seeds was evaluated during 2011 and 2012. Yield components and grain yield of lentil decreased with decreasing water availability. The highest yield components (except 1000 grain weight) and grain yield per unit area were obtained by plants from large seeds. The superiority of plants from large seeds in grain yield was more evident under limited irrigations than under well watering. Seed aging resulted in poor stand establishment and consequently low grain yield per unit area. Plants from aged large seeds showed the lowest reduction in grain yield per unit area, compared with those from aged small and bulk seeds. It seems that cultivation of large seeds somehow can reduce the deleterious effects of drought stress and seed aging on grain yield per unit area of lentil. Semena navadne leče (Lens culinaris 'Kimia') so bila pred setvijo razdeljena na večji podvzorec (S 1 ) in manjšega, ki je bil razdeljen na velika (S 2 ) in mala (S 3 ) semena. Podvzorec semen vseh velikost je bil vzet kot kontrola, oziroma kot vitalna semena (A 1 ), ostala dva podvzorca semen sta bila umetno starana 2 in 4 dni (A 2 in A 3 , vzorca). Uspevanje semen je bilo v poljskem poskusu ovrednoteno v sezonah 2011 in 2012. Komponente pridelka in pridelka zrnja leče so upadale z zmanjševanjem dostopnosti vode. Največje vrednosti komponent pridelka (razen mase 1000 zrn) in pridelka zrnja na enoto površine so bile dosežene z rastlinami iz velikih semen. Superiornost rastlin iz velikih semen v pridelku zrnja je bila še bolj očitna v razmereh omejenega namakanja v primerjavi z dobro zalitimi rastlinami. Staranje semen je povzročilo slabšo vzpostavitev sestoja posevka in posledično manjši pridelek zrnja na enoto površine. Rastline iz velikih semen so imele manjše zmanjšanje pridelka na enoto površine v primerjavi s tistimi iz staranih manjših semen in semen enotnega vzorca. Izgleda, da setev velikih semen pri navadni leči nekako zmanjša škodljive učinke sušnega stresa in staranja semen na pridelku zrnja na enoto površine.Ključne besede: pridelek zrnja, navadna leča, staranje semen, velikost semen, sušni stres

A pot experiment was performed as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications, to assess the effects of 1 mM spermidine (SPD) and 1 mM putrescine (PUT) on Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) under different levels of watering (100, 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity). Chlorophyll a and b contents decreased, but the ratio of Chl a/b and carotenoid content increased with decreasing water supply. Foliar sprays of polyamines improved chlorophylls a and b and carotenoid contents, while the ratio of Chl a/b was reduced by these growth regulators. Relative water content, glycine betaine, proteins and soluble sugars contents were increased, but proline content was decreased by exogenous polyamines under limited water supply. Antioxidant enzyme (POX, CAT, SOD and APX) activities were enhanced by drought stress and polyamine treatments. This resulted in lower electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation (less MDA) under stressful conditions. The present results indicate that exogenous polyamines such as putrescine and spermidine can alleviate some of the deleterious impacts of water limitation on Indian mustard. 314Elham mostafaEi et al. Acta Biologica Hungarica 69, 2018ing [31]. When environmental condition is favorable for plants, ROS is constantly generated at low levels scavenged then by various antioxidant mechanisms [14]. However, higher production of ROS under environmental stresses can damage the cells by peroxidation of lipids, oxidation of proteins and enzyme inhibition [41]. To avoid potential damage caused by ROS to cellular components, as well as to maintain growth, metabolism, development, and overall productivity, the balance between production and elimination of ROS at the intracellular level must be rigorously regulated. This detoxification of ROS could be achieved by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants [26,27].Brassica oilseeds are the major world source of vegetable oil. These crops represent a substantial contribution to the production of food, and almost their all parts are used in human livelihood. Its oil has special fatty acid profile and rich source of natural anti-oxidants and other cytotoxic phytochemicals. However, over the past couple of decades Brassica oilseeds has become a more dependable source of erucic acid [44]. Brassica developes will in high rainfall areas, whereas it grows, little in low rainfall areas [37]. Reduction of the yield of Brassica due to drought stress has been reported by a number of authors [24,33]. However, the influence of various exogenous growth regulators in alleviation of drought stress is still less known.Polyamines are unsaturated hydrocarbons, with two or more primary amino groups. The diamine putrescine and triamine spermidine are ubiquitous in nature [40] and involved in a variety of processes, such as transcription, RNA and protein synthesis and enzyme activation [45]. A number of physiological regulatory process involved in the control of cell division, embryogenesis, root formation, fruit ripening, perception of biotic and a...

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