Effects of Water Supply and Sowing Date on Performance and Essential Oil Production of Anise (Pimpinella Anisum L.)

Abstract

Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out in order to determine the effects of water supply and sowing date on the performance and essential oil production of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). The results indicated that mean leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth rate (RGR), relative water content (RWC), grain yield and essential oil decreased, while the root/shoot ratio and the oil percentage of the seeds increased when the available soil water decreased to below 80% in the greenhouse. It was concluded that for higher grain and essential oil production, anise must be sown early in the spring (April 4 to 16) in Tabriz. Water deficit during stem elongation and umbel appearance reduced anise growth, grain yield and oil production. Seeds harvested at the waxy stage had higher oil content than those harvested at earlier or later stages.

Influence of Ecological Conditions on Seeds Traits and Essential Oil Contents in Anise <i>(Pimpinella anisum L.)</i>

“…(2001) show that the percentage of essential oil significantly decreases due to delayed sowing, while water deficit resulted in the increase of the essential oil content. A recent research confirms that the amount of the essential oil obtained from different species produced under drought conditions was either maintained or enhanced, depending on the extent of stress (Zehtab-Salmasi et al, 2001). Water deficit during stem elongation and umbel formation reduces anise growth, grain yield and oil production (Zehtab-Salmasi et al, 2001).…”

“…It can be concluded that the first part of this critical period provided favourable conditions for seed formation and filling, while the second, warmer and drier period favoured the synthesis of essential oil and fruit ripening. (Zehtab-Salmasi et al, 2001) and in investigations carried out in Turkey from 2.66 to 2.74% (Tuncturk and Yildrim, 2006). However, a higher level of anise essential oil, 3.5 to 5.5%, was observed in another experiment carried out in Iran (Omidbaigi et al, 2003).…”

“…A recent research confirms that the amount of the essential oil obtained from different species produced under drought conditions was either maintained or enhanced, depending on the extent of stress (Zehtab-Salmasi et al, 2001). Water deficit during stem elongation and umbel formation reduces anise growth, grain yield and oil production (Zehtab-Salmasi et al, 2001). In a two-year experiment in Pančevo, Serbia, Jevdjović et al (2012) analyzed the effect of NPK fertilization on seed yield, quality and content of anise essential oil.…”

“…soil type and weather conditions during the year (temperature, precipitation, etc. ) especially during the development of anise fruit (stages of plant maturity) and by the applied agronomic practices (Zehtab-Salmasi et al, 2001;Omidbaigi et al, 2003;Tuncturk and Yildirim, 2006;Özel, 2009;Jevdjović et al, 2012). Also, the concentration of essential oil may significantly vary among anise fruits of different origin (Tabanca et al, 2006;Orav et al, 2008).…”

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and water stress on ultrastructural change of glandular hairs and essential oil compositions in Ocimum gratissimum

“…There has been a reduction of yield in the rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) [29,36] following a water deficit, whereas in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the water deficit led to an increase in the essential oil yield.…”