Changes in photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes and antioxidants of Indian mustard by drought and exogenous polyamines

Abstract

A pot experiment was performed as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications, to assess the effects of 1 mM spermidine (SPD) and 1 mM putrescine (PUT) on Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) under different levels of watering (100, 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity). Chlorophyll a and b contents decreased, but the ratio of Chl a/b and carotenoid content increased with decreasing water supply. Foliar sprays of polyamines improved chlorophylls a and b and carotenoid contents, while the ratio of Chl a/b was reduced by these growth regulators. Relative water content, glycine betaine, proteins and soluble sugars contents were increased, but proline content was decreased by exogenous polyamines under limited water supply. Antioxidant enzyme (POX, CAT, SOD and APX) activities were enhanced by drought stress and polyamine treatments. This resulted in lower electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation (less MDA) under stressful conditions. The present results indicate that exogenous polyamines such as putrescine and spermidine can alleviate some of the deleterious impacts of water limitation on Indian mustard. 314Elham mostafaEi et al. Acta Biologica Hungarica 69, 2018ing [31]. When environmental condition is favorable for plants, ROS is constantly generated at low levels scavenged then by various antioxidant mechanisms [14]. However, higher production of ROS under environmental stresses can damage the cells by peroxidation of lipids, oxidation of proteins and enzyme inhibition [41]. To avoid potential damage caused by ROS to cellular components, as well as to maintain growth, metabolism, development, and overall productivity, the balance between production and elimination of ROS at the intracellular level must be rigorously regulated. This detoxification of ROS could be achieved by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants [26,27].Brassica oilseeds are the major world source of vegetable oil. These crops represent a substantial contribution to the production of food, and almost their all parts are used in human livelihood. Its oil has special fatty acid profile and rich source of natural anti-oxidants and other cytotoxic phytochemicals. However, over the past couple of decades Brassica oilseeds has become a more dependable source of erucic acid [44]. Brassica developes will in high rainfall areas, whereas it grows, little in low rainfall areas [37]. Reduction of the yield of Brassica due to drought stress has been reported by a number of authors [24,33]. However, the influence of various exogenous growth regulators in alleviation of drought stress is still less known.Polyamines are unsaturated hydrocarbons, with two or more primary amino groups. The diamine putrescine and triamine spermidine are ubiquitous in nature [40] and involved in a variety of processes, such as transcription, RNA and protein synthesis and enzyme activation [45]. A number of physiological regulatory process involved in the control of cell division, embryogenesis, root formation, fruit ripening, perception of biotic and a...

Response of Roses (Rosa hybrida L. ‘Herbert Stevens’) to Foliar Application of Polyamines on Root Development, Flowering, Photosynthetic Pigments, Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and NPK

“…Thus, polyamines may act not only as scavengers of free radical but also as activators of the expression of antioxidant enzymes encoding genes 63 . Similar to the results of the above study, studies on different plants have also shown that exogenous polyamines did not show any significant effect on antioxidant enzyme activity of plants under non-stress conditions, but polyamine treatment in plants subjected to stress led to an increase in the plant antioxidant enzyme activities compared to untreated plants 46,52 .…”

“…In a study on Indian mustard, increasing of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid levels by polyamines treatment was connected to the prevention of chlorophyll loss and preservation of thylakoid membrane structure. It seems that polyamines may exert their effect by preserving thylakoid morphology and chlorophyll levels through an interaction with the negatively charged loci in the membranes 52 . In a research on tomato fruits that expressed a high level of spermidine synthase synthesis gene, the results showed that transgenic tomatoes had greater amounts of carotenoids than wild tomatoes.…”

Mitigating the Harmful Effects of Water Deficiency Stress on White Lupine (Lupinus albus L.) Plants by Using Algae Extract and Hydrogen Peroxide. تخفیف الآثار الضارة الناتجة عن اجهاد نقص المیاه على نباتات الترمس الأبیض باستخدام مستخلص الطحالب وفوق اکسید الهیدروجین.

“…Plant pigments contents were significantly reduced in bean (Beinsan et al, 2003), Carthamus tinctorius (Siddiqi et al, 2009), wheat cultivars seedlings (Aly and Latif, 2011), and indian mustard (Mostafaei et al, 2018) under water stress conditions. The aforementioned results supports the findings of this study as plant pigments content showed a significant decrease under water deficit conditions.…”

The Effect of Foliar Putrescine Application, Ammonium Exposure, and Heat Stress on Antioxidant Compounds in Cauliflower Waste

“…These aliphatic amines affect the plant cell activity, and as a consequence they are involved in a wide range of biological processes that include both plant growth and development [ 18 ]. Although the mechanisms involved are still not well understood, it is known that these compounds are involved in the responses of plants to various types of abiotic stress, including heat stress [ 19 ]. In fact, several studies [ 5 , 20 ] reported that higher levels of free and bound polyamines in plants were obtained as consequence of the exposure of plants to heat stress.…”

“…In fact, several studies [ 5 , 20 ] reported that higher levels of free and bound polyamines in plants were obtained as consequence of the exposure of plants to heat stress. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that polyamines can be used in order to enhance the tolerance to heat stress, allowing to obtain a higher total production yield and higher quality of the final plant products [ 19 , 21 ]. In nature, polyamines are often found as free molecules, but they can also be found in conjugated or bound forms.…”