Genomics and metabolomics are widely used to explore specialized metabolite diversity. The Paired Omics Data Platform is a community initiative to systematically document links between metabolome and (meta)genome data, aiding identification of natural product biosynthetic origins and metabolite structures.

Indonesia is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world and a promising resource for novel natural compound producers. Actinomycetes produce about two thirds of all clinically used antibiotics. Thus, exploiting Indonesia’s microbial diversity for actinomycetes may lead to the discovery of novel antibiotics. A total of 422 actinomycete strains were isolated from three different unique areas in Indonesia and tested for their antimicrobial activity. Nine potent bioactive strains were prioritized for further drug screening approaches. The nine strains were cultivated in different solid and liquid media, and a combination of genome mining analysis and mass spectrometry (MS)-based molecular networking was employed to identify potential novel compounds. By correlating secondary metabolite gene cluster data with MS-based molecular networking results, we identified several gene cluster-encoded biosynthetic products from the nine strains, including naphthyridinomycin, amicetin, echinomycin, tirandamycin, antimycin, and desferrioxamine B. Moreover, 16 putative ion clusters and numerous gene clusters were detected that could not be associated with any known compound, indicating that the strains can produce novel secondary metabolites. Our results demonstrate that sampling of actinomycetes from unique and biodiversity-rich habitats, such as Indonesia, along with a combination of gene cluster networking and molecular networking approaches, accelerates natural product identification.

The increasing number of available genomes,i n combination with advanced genome mining techniques,u nveiled ap lethora of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) coding for ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). The products of these BGCs often represent an enormous resource for new and bioactive compounds,b ut frequently,they cannot be readily isolated and remain cryptic. Here,w ed escribe at unable metabologenomic approach that recruits asynergism of bioinformatics in tandem with isotopeand NMR-guided platform to identify the product of an orphan RiPP gene cluster in the genomes of Nocardia terpenica IFM 0406 and 0706 T .T he application of this tactic resulted in the discovery of nocathioamides family as afounder of anew class of chimeric lanthipeptides I.

Context: Streptomyces species are prolific sources of bioactive secondary metabolites known especially for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities.Objective: This study sought to isolate and characterize antioxidant molecules biosynthesized by Streptomyces sp. KTM18. The antioxidant potential of an isolated compound and its toxicity were accessed. Materials and methods: The compound was purified using bioassay-guided chromatography techniques. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were carried out for structure elucidation. The antioxidant potential of the isolated compound was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The toxicity of the isolated compound was measured using a brine shrimp lethality (BSL) assay. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. KTM18 showed more than 90% inhibition of DPPH free radical at 50 mg/mL of the test concentration. These data were the strongest among 13 Streptomyces isolates (KTM12-KTM24). The active molecule was isolated and characterized as maculosin (molecular formula, C 14 H 16 N 2 O 3 as determined by the [M þ H] þ peak at 261.1259). The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of pure maculosin was higher (IC 50 , 2.16 ± 0.05 mg/mL) than that of commercial butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (IC 50 , 4.8 ± 0.05 mg/mL). No toxicity was observed for maculosin (LD 50 , <128 mg/mL) in brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) up to the compound's antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) concentration range. The commercial standard, berberine chloride, showed toxicity in BSLA with an LD 50 value of 8.63 ± 0.15 mg/mL. Conclusions: Maculosin may be a leading drug candidate in various cosmetic and therapeutic applications owing to its strong antioxidant and non-toxic properties.

Tempe merupakan makanan tradisional asli Indonesia. Tempe mengandung gizi yang cukup tinggi, mencakup 25% protein, 5% lemak, 4% karbohidrat serta kaya akan mineral dan vitamin B12. Sentra produksi tempe di Indonesia paling banyak di temui di Jawa Tengah, dan salah satunya ada di Kabupaten Banyumas. Tekstur tempe yang kompak dan berwarna putih tercipta dari hasil kerja jamur genus Rhizopus, yang ditambahkan sebagai inokulum pada saat pembuatan tempe. Salah satu jenis jamur yang sering dijumpai dalam ragi tempe adalah Rhizopus oligosporus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi jamur R. oligosporus dari beberapa inokulum tempe di Kabupaten Banyumas. 56 jamur diisolasi dari inokulum tempe. Semua isolat termasuk dalam genera Rhizopus. 19 diantaranya dipilih berdasarkan warna konidia, yang terdiri dari isolat dengan konidia coklat keabu-abuan, dan abu-abu. Pengamatan makroskopik dan mikroskopik menunjukkan bahwa isolat terpilih adalah R. oligosporus.

AbstrakGena GSTP-1 merupakan penghasil enzim glutation S-transferase (GST), yang berfungsi dalam proses detoksifikasi senyawa toksik di hati. Faktor keberadaan polimorfisme gena GSTP-1 akan menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi GST, sehingga proses detoksifikasi terhadap senyawa toksik akan terhambat. Kerentanan terhadap paparan senyawa toksik pada manusia akan meningkat apabila dijumpai polimorfisme gena. Salah satu senyawa toksik yang dapat menghambat aktivitas GST adalah timbal (Pb), terutama dalam bentuk tetra ethyl lead (TEL). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh polimorfisme gena GSTP-1 terhadap aktivitas GST pada individu terpapar Pb, yang diwakili pekerja bengkel mobil. Faktor keberadaan polimorfisme gena individu ditentukan dengan metode PCR-RFLP dan enzim restriksi BsmA1. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar Pb dan aktivitas GST. Analisis molekuler gena GSTP-1 dilakukan secara deskriptif. Data kadar Pb dan aktivitas GST dianalisis dengan uji t independent. Hasil analisis gena GSTP-1 dari 40 orang subyek kasus setelah dilakukan digesti dengan enzim BsmA1, ditemukan sebanyak 10 orang individu dengan polimorfisme Ile105Val gena GSTP 1 atau sekitar 25% dengan genotip Ile-Val, sedangkan 30 orang atau 75% ditemukan tanpa polimorfisme dengan genotip Ile-Ile. Pita DNA individu dengan polimorfisme terpotong menjadi 3 fragmen sepanjang 176, 91 dan 85 pp (mutan heterozygot), sedangkan tanpa polimorfisme terletak pada 176 bp. Subyek kasus dengan polimorfisme gena GSTP-1 memiliki kadar Pb lebih tinggi dan aktivitas GST lebih rendah dibandingkan individu non polimorfisme. Telah terbukti bahwa polimorfisme gena GSTP-1 menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi enzim GST. Pada individu terpapar Pb dengan polimorfisme gena GSTP-1 memiliki aktivitas GST lebih rendah dibandingkan individu tanpa polimorfisme.Kata kunci: logam berat, polutan, polimorfisme gena, Glutation S-Transferase, timbal. Abstract GSTP-1 gene regulates the expression of gluthation S-transferase enzyme, which role in detoxification of toxicant on liver. If the polymorphisms gene is found in individual, the production of GST is decreased and the enzyme failed to eliminate toxicants. Lead is one of toxic agents that could inhibite GST activity especially tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The susceptibility to lead exposure will increase if the polymorphisms gene is found in population. The objective of this studies were to know the effect of gene GSTP-1 polymorphisms to GST activity on lead-exposed individual ie. autorepair workers. The genotype individu were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Restriction Fragment

Abstract. Rovik A, ‘Aziz S, Pramono H. 2020. Isolation and selection of Bacillus cereus specific phages from hospital wastewater. Biodiversitas 21: 2871-2877. Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is a pathogenic bacterium that frequently contaminates food by producing entero and emetic toxins. B. cereus has shown resistance to various antibiotics, especially β-lactam antibiotics. An alternative to control B. cereus contamination is the use of bacteriophages. This study aimed to isolate and screen B. cereus specific phages from hospital wastewater in Banyumas District. The research was conducted descriptively through isolation, purification, titer determination, host ranges, and adsorption rate determination. A total of 29 isolates of B. cereus-phages were isolated from hospital wastewater in Banyumas with various titers, ranged from 0.14-3.76 x 107 PFU.mL-1. Isolated phages could be grouped into two, narrow host range (14 phages) and broad activity spectra (15 phages) that infect both Gram-positive and negative bacteria i.e. B. subtilis, B. fragilis, B. licheniformis, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella thypi, and Escherichia coli. The infections had a latency period of 60-120 minutes. The decrease of culture absorbance value ranged from 0.06 to 0.41, while the control tended to increase by 0.39. The largest decreases were showed by phage isolates RSBMS-2 and RSBMT-1 with 0.41 and 0.37, respectively.

Nonomuraea sp. strain C10 produces the cytotoxic natural product brartemicin. Here, we report its draft genome sequence to get insight into brartemicin biosynthesis and to enable genome mining for novel secondary metabolites.