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Introduction: One of the major side effects of chemotherapy is blood cell density reduction and changes in the immune system. The benefits of exercise interventions have been reported for cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Pilates training on changes in hematological parameters in women with breast cancer. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 24 women with breast cancer who were referred to health centers therapy and private clinics of Shiraz were selected and divided into two groups: Pilates training and control. The Pilates training group performed exercises for 10 weeks. Each week was compromised of 3 sessions; lasting 60 minutes. The control group performed only their daily activities during this period. Blood sampling and anthropometric measurements were performed before and after the training period. Data were analyzed by independent and dependent t-test. Results: The results showed that 10 weeks of Pilates training had no significant effect on weight, body mass index, and waist to hip ratio in women with breast cancer. Pilates training had no significant effect on white blood cell count, red blood cells (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets in women with breast cancer. Conclusions: It seems that more research is needed to investigate the effects of this type of exercise to achieve their beneficial changes in hematological parameters and the immune system.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) disease can affect process of apoptosis by increasing oxidative stress, nevertheless exercise and crocin can improve apoptosis; therefore present study aimed to investigate the effect of continued training with crocin on apoptosis markers in liver tissue of diabetic rats. In this experimental study 32 diabetic rats based on fasting glucose divided into four groups of eight rats including: 1) sham, 2) training, 3) crocin, and 4) training with crocin also for investigate the effect of DM induction on apoptosis markers, eight healthy rats assigned in healthy control group. During eight weeks groups 2 and 4 ran 60 minutes on treadmill with intensity of 50-55% maximum speed for three sessions per week and groups 3 and 4 received 25 mg/kg/day crocin peritoneally. Shapiro-Wilk, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hot tests were used for statistical analysis of data (P ≤ 0.05). DM induction significantly increased Bcl-2 as well as decreased Bax and P52 (P ≤ 0.05) nevertheless training and training with crocin significantly decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax and P53 (P ≤ 0.05); crocin significantly decreased Bcl-2 and increased P53 (P ≤ 0.05) and training with crocin had higher effect on increase of Bax and P53 compare to training (P ≤ 0.05) also increase of Bax compare to crocin. Although training and crocin alone can improve apoptotic markers in diabetic rats, nevertheless training simultaneously with crocin have better effects than training alone.

Background mTORC1 marker pathway is one of the crucial pathways for the regulation of transcription level and an essential route involved in protein synthesis in skeletal muscles. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training on mTORC1 marker pathway in soleus muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods In this experimental study, 16 Sprague-Dawley male rats (Mean±SD weight: 270±20g) were obtained. After induction of diabetes (by streptozotocin administration), the rats were randomly assigned into two groups: endurance training and control. The exercise training was administered to the experimental group performed 4 days a week for 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any training program. The study proteins were measured using western blot method. The Independent t-test analyzed the obtained data. Findings A significant change was not observed in the total content of Akt1 proteins, P70S6K1, 4E-BP1, and P70S6K1 phosphorylation content in the experimental group compared to the control group, but the total protein content of mTOR, the phosphorylation form of Akt1 proteins, and 4E-BP1 was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion Eight weeks of endurance training can activate the Akt1/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway in the mTORC1. Therefore, with regard to muscle atrophy in type 2 diabetic patients, endurance training can activate the mTORC1 marker pathway to regulate the transcription genes and subsequently, the expression of proteins.

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