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Background and aims: Consumption of smokeless tobacco products annually causes the death of more than 250 thousand people worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of transtheoretical model education on the temptation / self-efficacy of smokeless tobacco products among guild traders. Methods:In this quasi-experimental study, 320 guild traders were studied by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was used after confirming its validity and reliability. Intervention strategies included group discussions with videos and photos related to the destructive effects of smokeless tobacco products on general health and oral health, using data projectors and PowerPoint. After 6 months from the intervention, the questionnaire information was collected again and finally the data were analyzed in SPSS 20 software using descriptive and analytical tests.Results: In the pre-intervention phase, the mean scores of temptation/ selfefficacy in pre-contemplation stage were 16.63± 1.59, 16.45 ±1.51 contemplation and 13.28±0.48 readiness, but in the next phase, from the intervention, the mean scores of this structure in individuals in the pre-contemplation stage decreased to 9.97±2.09, contemplation to 9.94±2.26 and readiness to 10.61±2.18, and there was a significant difference between this structure and the changes were observed (P-Value <0.001). Conclusion:By designing and implementing interventions based on the transtheoretical model, the temptation of people consuming these products can be reduced at different stages of change and their self-efficacy to overcome tempting situations can be increased.

Background: Healthy nutrition is a part of a healthy pregnancy. Having a poor food attitude towards healthy nutrition often leads to unfavorable consequences for the mother and her baby. Health care providers need to be aware of these attitudes, so that they can focus their attention on pregnant women during this critical period. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the attitude to healthy nutrition of pregnant women in Yazd city, Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study included 250 pregnant women aged 18-49 years who referred to community health centers, without any background diseases using random sampling method. The face and content validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by experts. Its reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha method and completed by self-reporting. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean score of pregnant women’s attitude towards healthy nutrition was 132.7 ± 22.0. According to the results, despite the obstacles to providing healthy and practical food for pregnant women, such as their high cost, research units sought to provide healthy food during this period. Also, there was an inverse relationship between nutrition-related attitudes during pregnancy and higher pregnancy rates. Multiparous women had fewer misconceptions than primiparous women, which require training of health professionals to prescribe appropriate food attitudes. Conclusion: In general, it can be inferred that the women of the present study adhered to their nutritional attitudes that originated from their culture, and this study was able to provide a clear picture of the cultural attitudes to healthy nutrition of pregnant women in Yazd.