Exosomes play a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of malignancies as a double-edged sword. Recently, researchers discussed about two new roles, cardiomyocyte function impairment and cardiovascular disease (CVD) genesis. Data were collected from PUBMED at various time points up to the 2019 academic year. The related key words are listed as following; "Arsenic trioxide", "acute promyelocytic leukemia" and "cardio toxicity" and "molecular pathway" and "biomarker". This study has shown that exosomes secreted substances stimulate angiogenesis and cardiomyocytes repairment; cited process depended on the kinds of released substances. Generally, exosomes may involve in the pathogenesis of CVD; although CVD can prevented by identifying the pathways that induce angiogenesis.
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage are causes of platelet storage lesions (PSLs). Mitochondrial damage causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to be released into the extracellular space. MtDNA in platelet concentrates is considered damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and is one of the major causes of PSLs. The mechanism of mtDNA release in platelet concentrates has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to determine the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mtDNA release in platelet concentrates during storage. Ten platelet concentrates from healthy donors were obtained in this investigation. Platelet concentrates were prepared by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stored at 22 ± 2 C° with gentle agitation. Platelet concentrates were subjected to flow cytometry and real-time PCR to evaluate total ROS and free mtDNA on days 0, 3, and 5 of platelet concentrate storage. Total ROS detected significantly increased from day 0 to day 5 of platelet concentrate storage (P = 0.0079). The mean of copy numbers of free mtDNA on day 0 increased from 3.43 × 106 ± 1.57 × 106 to 2.85 × 107 ± 1.51 × 107 (molecules/μl) on the fifth day of platelet concentrate storage, and it was statistically significant (P = 0.0039). In addition, LDH enzyme activity significantly increased during platelet concentrate storage (P < 0.0001). Also, releasing mtDNA in platelet concentrates was directly correlated with total ROS generation (P = 0.021, r = 0.61) and LDH activity (P = 0.04, r = 0.44). The evidence from this study confirmed the increasing level mtDNA copy numbers in platelet concentrates during storage, and the amount of free mtDNA is directly correlated with ROS generation and platelet lysis during 5 days of platelet concentrate storage. Finally, these changes may be related to DAMPs in the platelet concentrates.
Background: Thalassemia is an inheritance disease with anemia and hemolysis. Blood transfusion is a routine treatment for thalassemia patients; alloimmunization is one of the complications of blood transfusion, which is very serious for these patients, especially girls and young women.
Materials and Methods: In this cross, sectional study 446 thalassemia patients were examined. Demographic information of patients was extracted and recorded. The phenotype of ABO, Rh and Kell antigens (tube method) with antisera from IMMUNDIANOSTICA Company (Germany) and frequency of alloantibodies was determined.
Results: 55.8% of studied individuals were male and 44.2% were female. Mean age of studied patients was 19.94±10.63. The alloantibodies were detected in 7.5% of pack cell receivers. The most prevalent phenotype of ABO system was O blood group (37.4%), and the most abundant antigen of Rh group was ‘e’, which was found in 99.8% of studied population. The most frequent detected alloantibody was Anti K (38.2%); concerning kell phenotype, (K_k+) and (K+k+) were found in 99.3% and 0.7% of patients, respectively. The frequency of Anti-D, Anti-C, Anti-c and Anti-E was 23.5%, 14.7%, 2.9% and 14.7%, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results of this paper, finding the compatible pack cells in terms of Kell and Rh systems antigens in addition to ABO blood group is recommended to decrease the rate of alloantibodies in thalassemia patients.
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