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In this research, an analytical model is developed to estimate the hydrodynamic damping ratio of liquid sloshing for wall bounded baffles using the velocity potential formulation and linear wave theory. Here, an analytical solution approach and experimental investigations are conducted for describing the hydrodynamic damping which is provided by vertical and horizontal baffles in partially filled rectangular liquid tanks. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the analytical solution which is developed in present work, a series of experiments are carried out with a rectangular liquid tank excited by harmonic oscillation. The parametric study is conducted on the damping efficiencies of both vertical and horizontal baffles with various dimensions and locations. According to the results of the present investigations, the hydrodynamic damping is significantly affected by the size and location of baffles. Furthermore, the validity of the developed analytical approach as well as the effectiveness of various baffle configurations are discussed. Finally, a simple approach is proposed for estimating the damping ratios of the baffles during earthquake motions.

Long term measurements of the amount of solar energy at ground level are not easily possible in many locations. Therefore, using empirical relations and recently applying Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are common means for prediction of the available solar energy at desired areas. Recent studies indicate that the performance of ANN provides better prediction than empirical relations. In former researches about ANN modeling of solar energy for some geographical locations, the parameters such as maximum and minimum daily temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were considered as the input of the soft computing. In present Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) ANN modeling, the amount of suspended Particulate Matters (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) in the atmosphere is also added to the soft computation input. This ANN modeling strategy is used for estimating the amount of daily absorption of global solar radiation (both beam and diffuse radiation) on the land surface of Tehran (Longitude 51.23N and Latitude 35.44E) during a year. Furthermore, Indexes of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Absolute Fraction of Variance (R 2 ) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) are used for accuracy evaluation of modeling results.

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