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Fouling remains a long-standing unsolved problem that hinders the widespread use of membrane applications in industry. This article reports the use of numerical simulations coupled with extensive material synthesis and characterization to fabricate fouling-resistant 3D printed composite membranes. The membranes consist of a thin polyethersulfone selective layer deposited onto a 3D printed flat and double sinusoidal (wavy) support. Fouling and cleaning of the composite membranes were tested by using bovine serum albumin solution in a cross-flow ultrafiltration setup. The transmembrane pressure was regulated at 1 bar and the cross-flow Reynolds number (Re) varied between 400 and 1000. In comparison to the flat membrane, the wavy membrane showed superior performance in terms of pure water permeance (PWP) (10% higher) and permeance recovery ratio (87% vs 53%) after the first filtration cycle at Re = 1000. Prolong testing showed that the wavy membrane could retain approximately 87% of its initial PWP after 10 complete filtration cycles. This impressive fouling-resistant behavior is attributed to the localized fluid turbulence induced by the 3D printed wavy structure. These results show that not only the lifetime of membrane operations could be favorably extended but also the operational costs and environmental damage of membranebased processes could also be significantly reduced.

The emission of large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere is believed to be a major reason behind climate change, which has led to increased demand for CO2 capture. Postcombustion CO2 capture with chemical solvent is considered one of the most important technologies in order to reduce CO2 emission. Amino acid salt solutions have attracted special attention in recent years due to their excellent physicochemical properties, e.g., low volatility, less toxicity, and high oxidative stability, as well as capture performance comparable with conventional amines. In this study, physicochemical properties of 20 amino acids are reported and their CO2 absorption performance discussed. The topics covered in this review include the most relevant properties of amino acids including CO2 loading capacity, cyclic capacity, equilibrium constant, density, viscosity, dissociation constant, CO2 solubility, CO2 diffusivity, reaction kinetic between CO2 and amino acid salts, reaction rate constant, surface tension, heat of CO2 absorption, precipitation, toxicity, solvent degradation, and corrosion rate. This review provides the most recent information available in the literature on the potential of using amino acid salts as a solvent for CO2 capture which can help improve the performance of the CO2 capture process from flue gas streams.

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The influence of the sodium glycinate (SG) on the solubility of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in monoethanolamine (MEA) was investigated. The equilibrium solubilities of CO 2 into blend solutions of SG and MEA were measured experimentally with a stirred batch reactor for the molar ratio of SG between 0.2 and 0.8 in total blend concentration (C T ) 2.5 mol 3 dm À3 (M) over the temperature and CO 2 partial pressure ranging from (298 to 313) K and (0 to 35) kPa, respectively. The results of the CO 2 solubility are expressed as CO 2 loading (mol CO 2 /mol blend solution) as a function of partial pressure of CO 2 for all experimental runs. The densities and viscosities of the blend solutions were measured at the same conditions of the solubility measurement. Some corrosion rate tests were also performed on carbon steel at a temperature of 308 K. Experimental results showed that, with increasing the molar ratio of SG in total blend concentration, the viscosity and corrosion rate of blend solutions increase.

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