As confidence in gas biofiltration efficacy grows, ever
more complex
malodorant and toxic molecules are ameliorated. In parallel, for many
countries, emission control legislation becomes increasingly stringent
to accommodate both public health and climate change imperatives.
Effective gas biofiltration in biofilters and biotrickling filters
depends on three key bioreactor variables: the support medium; gas
molecule solubilization; and the catabolic population. Organic and
inorganic support media, singly or in combination, have been employed
and their key criteria are considered by critical appraisal of one,
char. Catabolic species have included fungal and bacterial monocultures
and, to a lesser extent, microbial communities. In the absence of
organic support medium (soil, compost, sewage sludge, etc.) inoculum
provision, a targeted enrichment and isolation program must be undertaken
followed, possibly, by culture efficacy improvement. Microbial community
process enhancement can then be gained by comprehensive characterization
of the culturable and total populations. For all species, support
medium attachment is critical and this is considered prior to filtration
optimization by water content, pH, temperature, loadings, and nutrients
manipulation. Finally, to negate discharge of fungal spores, and/or
archaeal and/or bacterial cells, capture/destruction technologies
are required to enable exploitation of the mineralization product
CO2.
The emission of large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere is believed to be a major reason behind climate change, which has led to increased demand for CO2 capture. Postcombustion CO2 capture with chemical solvent is considered one of the most important technologies in order to reduce CO2 emission. Amino acid salt solutions have attracted special attention in recent years due to their excellent physicochemical properties, e.g., low volatility, less toxicity, and high oxidative stability, as well as capture performance comparable with conventional amines. In this study, physicochemical properties of 20 amino acids are reported and their CO2 absorption performance discussed. The topics covered in this review include the most relevant properties of amino acids including CO2 loading capacity, cyclic capacity, equilibrium constant, density, viscosity, dissociation constant, CO2 solubility, CO2 diffusivity, reaction kinetic between CO2 and amino acid salts, reaction rate constant, surface tension, heat of CO2 absorption, precipitation, toxicity, solvent degradation, and corrosion rate. This review provides the most recent information available in the literature on the potential of using amino acid salts as a solvent for CO2 capture which can help improve the performance of the CO2 capture process from flue gas streams.
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