In food ink systems in which the particles are dispersed in a hydrocolloid matrix, the source of the particles and the particle content are the main factors affecting the printability and rheological properties of the system. In this study, different contents (10% and 30% w/w) of vegetable (broccoli, spinach, or carrot) powders were added to hydrocolloid matrices with different hydration properties, and their influence on the printability and rheological properties was investigated. At low powder contents (10%), slight differences in the printability and rheological values were observed between the different vegetable sources in all hydrocolloids. When the powder content was increased to 30%, the hydrocolloid with the lowest water hydration capacity, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, showed the greatest differences in rheology and printability when different vegetable sources were used. Xanthan gum, with its higher water hydration capacity, inhibited the swelling of the particles, thus minimizing the increase in the rheological values at high volume fractions of powder and reducing the differences in printability between different vegetable sources. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of the vegetable inks showed that xanthan gum inhibited swelling of the particles regardless of the vegetable powder source. The mixtures using xanthan gum could be smoothly extruded from the nozzle due to their low extruded hardness (2.96 ± 0.23 to 3.46 ± 0.16 kg), and the resulting objects showed high resolution without collapse over time.Practical Application: The powder-based texturization technology introduced in this study provides a standardized method of preparing food ink that can be universally applied to all food materials that can be powdered. In addition, the present invention can be applied to a 3D printing technique in which a powder and a hydrocolloid matrix are independently stored and mixed immediately before printing. This technique can minimize the inherent rheological differences between formulations with different food sources and compositions.
A 64-year-old female presented with facial hyperpigmentation. She had dyed her hair monthly with pure henna powder for the past seven months. After patch tests, the patient was diagnosed as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentastion due to allergic contact dermatitis to pure henna that has rarely been reported. The patient underwent Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment and was treated with oral tranexamic acid for 10 weeks. The hyperpigmentation on her forehead demonstrated substantial improvement.
Although the evidence as to the underlying pathogenesis of this microscopic presentation remains inconclusive, one logical explanation refers to the effects of several cytokines , IL-5, tumor necrosis factor-a, CC chemokine macrophage chemotactic protein-1, and the CXC chemokine IL-8) produced by mast cells in recruiting and activating other cells in the inflammatory microenvironment, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. 5 References 1 Valent P. Diagnostic evaluation and classification of mastocytosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2006; 26: 515-534. 2 Akiyama M. A clinical and histological study of urticaria pigmentosa: relationships between mast cell proliferation and the clinical and histological manifestations. J Dermatol 1990; 17: 347-355. 3 Dunst KM, Huemer GM, Zelger BG, et al. A new variant of mastocytosis: report of three cases clinicopathologically mimicking histiocytic and vasculitic disorders. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153: 642-646. 4 Ortonne N, Wechsler J, Bagot M, et al. Granuloma faciale: a clinicopathologic study of 66 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53: 1002-1009. 5 Krishnaswamy G, Ajitawi O, Chi DS. The human mast cell: an overview. Methods Mol Biol 2006; 315: 13-34.Nodular hidradenoma of the wrist with spontaneous regression in a 7-month-old infant e588
BackgroundAlthough the therapeutic mechanism of balneotherapy for atopic dermatitis has not been clarified, many atopic patients who visit thermomineral springs have shown clinical improvements.ObjectiveThis study was aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of thermomineral water balneotherapy on the atopic dermatitis murine model.MethodsThe oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis murine model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of balneotherapy with Deokgu thermomineral water compared with distilled water. Histologic evaluation and confocal microscopic imaging were performed to analyze the lesional expression of cluster-of-differentiation (CD)4 and forkhead box p3 (Foxp3). Lesional mRNA expression of interleukin (IL) 33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and Foxp3 was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsCompared with the distilled water bath group, confocal microscopic evaluation of CD4 and Foxp3 merged images showed increased expression of regulatory T cells in the thermomineral balneotherapy group. The lesional mRNA level of IL-33 showed a reduced trend in the thermomineral balneotherapy group, whereas the level of mRNA of Foxp3 was increased. TSLP showed a decreased trend in both distilled water and thermomineral water bath groups. There was a trend of reduced expression in lesional IL-33 mRNA but increased cell count of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in thermomineral balneotherapy compared with distilled water bath.ConclusionTherefore, thermomineral balneotherapy can be an effective and safe adjuvant therapeutic option for atopic dermatitis.
A novel injectable filler of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and cross-linked dextran in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was introduced in the commercial filler market. For soft tissue augmentation, safety and biocompatibility should be evaluated and the stability at the implantation site should be assessed using histologic evaluation. In order to evaluate the biocompatibility of the novel soft tissue filler, PMMA and cross-linked dextran in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was subdermally injected into the skin of Sprague-Dawley Rats. Histologic evaluation was performed at 13 weeks and 12 months after the injection. Inflammatory cell infiltration, neovascularization, and fibrosis were scored according to defined grading systems. The mean score of the histologic evaluation was 5.7 and 3.9 at 13 weeks and 12 months, respectively. At 12 months after injection, the PMMA and cross-linked dextran in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose appeared to be kept in place through fine fibrous capsules. The mixture of PMMA and cross-linked dextran in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose can be safely applied for soft tissue augmentation with longevity of greater than 12 months.
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