This research studied the potential and efficiency of tamarind kernel powder as a thickener for pigment printing on cotton fabric in comparison with the commercial synthetic thickener. Two kinds of tamarind seed were studied. Both of tamarind seeds contained about 30% based on dry weight of outer seed coating and 70% of dry weight of tamarind kernel powder. The approximate composition of tamarind kernel powder were 2.39 – 3.19% fat, 16.43 – 17.07% protein, 1.20 – 1.68% crude fiber and 3.42-3.74% moisture based on weight of tamarind kernel powders. Two different extraction techniques were studied viz., boiling in water and using microwave. Tamarind kernel powder extracted by microwave method was suited for use as a thickener rather than those obtained by boiling in water method. As the tamarind kernel powder from microwave method was easier dissolved and the printing paste was smoother than those from boiling in water. The optimum concentration of tamarind kernel powder for pigment printing on cotton was 5% tamarind kernel powder obtained from the seed in relatively round shape and smooth surface because the color yield and rubbing fastness was similar to the commercial synthetic thickener.
Development of chitosan as a thickener for direct printing of natural dye on cotton fabric was investigated. Chitosan was applied as a thickener at various concentrations and its effect on the print properties was determined in comparison with the typical printing thickener, sodium alginate. The results exhibited that chitosan affected the fabric properties by increasing fabric yellowness and stiffness. However, with increasing chitosan concentrations, the yellowness reduced only marginally. Direct printing on cotton fabric with 3% Natural Chestnut at varying chitosan concentrations showed that the optimum chitosan concentration for the printing was at 3%w/v, being equivalent to the viscosity of 17,800 mPa. The 3%w/v chitosan imparted the ultimate color yield, print outline sharpness and a minimal dye bleeding on the unprinted area of the fabric. Use of chitosan concentration higher than 3%w/v led to poor print properties on the fabric. The efficiency as a thickener of chitosan was found to be superior to sodium alginate. A high color yield and good color fastness properties on cotton fabric were rendered in the case of chitosan thickener at the same applied concentration with sodium alginate.
The properties of PLA spun yarn was investigated comparing with cotton and PET spun yarns of the same linear density. The PLA/cotton blended fabric (50/50) was prepared and the fabric properties were analyzed in comparison with the 100% PLA and cotton fabrics. It was found that in the PLA/cotton blended fabric, cotton was the component that imparted moisture absorption, strength and drapeability to the fabric, while, PLA provided dimensional stability to the blend. Investigation of the effect of the pretreatment and dyeing processes found that the bleaching process for cotton with H2O2 under alkaline conditions caused a significant strength loss to the PLA fabric. The dyeing processes exhibited a slightly negative effect on the fabric strength. Meanwhile, the strength of cotton fabric was much less affected by the pretreatment and dyeing processes used. The fabric hand properties, viz. stiffness and drapeability of PLA and cotton fabrics were also influenced by the pretreatment and dyeing processes.
This research studied the preparation of the blended film from Bombyx mori silk fibroin with the regenerated cellulose obtained from rayon fiber residue, the industrial waste fiber. The β-sheet structure of silk fibroin was observed while the regenerated cellulose possessed cellulose II crystalline form. The infrared spectra of the blends showed changes in shape and intensity of IR absorption frequency characteristics in the region of 3500-3300 cm-1 as compared with those of the starting materials, pure silk fibroin and cellulose. This indicates the occurrence of the intermolecular interactions between the –OH groups of cellulose and silk fibroin by forming hydrogen bond. The tensile properties of the blends with cellulose content lower than 50 % could not be measured due to the weakness of the prepared film. The stronger and more flexible film was obtained with increasing the regenerated cellulose content. The study on the effect of NaCl and CaCl2 salt addition aiming to establish a porous structure to the blends was also investigated.
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