Objective: To look into the experience of undergraduate medical and health sciences students regarding perceptions of online formative assessments. Study Design: Online cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: Riphah International University, Islamabad Pakistan, from Aug to Dec 2020. Methodology: Three hundred fifty-one pre-clinical and clinical students of disciplines including MBBS, BDS, and Pharm-D participated in the study. Data was collected through a convenient sampling technique. An online questionnaire containing 22 closed-ended questions with a three-point Likert scale on five themes related to online formative assessments and one openended question was used. Results: 86 (24.5%) students agreed that online formative assessments improved their learning. The motivation for learning was increased in 120 (34.2%) students. 214 (61%) students felt that online formative assessments were stressful, and the majority were well aware of the use of technology except for connectivity and login issues highlighted by the students. Regarding the question paper, the majority were comfortable with the construct of online formatives. 158 (45%) students were not satisfied with the allotted time to complete the formative assessments. 163 (46.4%) students were satisfied with the feedback provided, yet 258 (73.5%) students recommended formal feedback provided on the same day to improve their learning by knowing their deficiencies. Conclusion: The study results support the contention that well-designed online formative assessments have considerable untapped potential to assist learning by motivating students. Their problems and challenges need to be addressed to improve the online assessments that help in the learning of undergraduate students.
Family planning enables individuals and couples to anticipate and acquire their planned number of children including the spacing and timing of their births. It’s achieved by the use of birth control methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. It demonstrates that the Pakistan family planning program has been unable to work efficiently. To understand the constraints, academics are seeking to focus on reasons behind service delivery failures, cultural restrictions, and other relevant aspects. Furthermore, the Pakistan authorities have serious worries such as the socio-economic consequence of unrestrained population increase. The purpose of the study is to illustrate the factors influencing female’s decision regarding family planning. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehsil Sohawa, Punjab between August 2020 and December 2020. A data set of 210 individuals was obtained from Tehsil Sohawa, Punjab, Pakistan. The researcher administered questionnaire was adopted for data collection. The study results showed that female’s decision on family planning was mostly affected by education level, household structure, insufficient information about family planning as well and fear of unfavorable impacts of contra conception, and counseling services played a vital part in decision making related family. Keywords: Counseling services, Education, Family planning, Female’s decision
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