Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of maternal outcome in obstructed labour. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series. Setting: Labour Ward of Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan. Period: 01-11-2018 to 30-04-2019. Material & Methods: Two hundred and forty two clinically diagnosed cases of obstructed labour admitted in labour ward of Nishtar Hospital Multan were enrolled for the study. Patients were monitored till delivery (vaginal/caesarean section) and complication of pregnancy were assessed till six week postpartum. Outcome variables i.e. complications like sepsis, uterine rupture, bladder rupture, vesicovaginal fistula, postpartum haemorrhage, and mortality was noted. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 10.0. Results: The majority of women was in age group 20-29 years i.e. 42.97% and were primigravida. Sepsis was the most frequent maternal complication observed i.e. in 22.31% of cases. Postpartum haemorrhage was next in line i.e. in 19.42% of cases. Uterine and bladder rupture was a finding in 16.94% and 7.02% of cases respectively. Vesicovaginal fistula was recorded in 12 (4.95%) patients and there were 1 (4.54%) maternal deaths during the study period. Conclusion: Obstructed labour is an important and preventable cause of both maternal morbidity and mortality and needs to be addressed adequately with provision of better antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care.

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Methodology: A total of 300 children with 174 female, 126 males were studied, who came in OPD in Children Hospital Faisalabad for the evaluation of their short stature, excluding familial short stature and other causes of short stature (endocrinal, renal & other chronic illnesses). IgA, TTG & IgG antibodies were evaluated. These antibodies were measured by ELISA method and patients whose TTG antibodies were 10 times greater than normal were spared form duodenal biopsy, however patients having antibodies less than 10 times but greater than normal or having equivocal results were under gone for intestinal biopsy for confirmation of celiac disease. Results: We detected out of 300 patients 88 patients were having TTG titer > 10% of the normal value. 29 patients were having increase titer but less than 10 time of the normal value and 7 patients were found to have equivocal results. So, 36 patients were sent for biopsy out of them 32 were found positive for celiac disease. Hence, we detected 40% (n=120) children were having celiac disease. All 78 females, 42 males having celiac disease were at 2SD except 4 patients who were at 3SD. Conclusion: We conclude that prevalence of celiac disease is high in patients with idiopathic short stature and it is important to investigate all children with ISS for celiac disease by measuring TTG antibodies.

Background: Low birth weight is a key determinant of infant survival, health and development. There are many maternal and biological risk factors for it. The objective of this study is to determine frequency and associated risk factors of Low birth weight. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology; al Razi hospital, Rawalpindi from June 2016 till June 2020. Total sample size was 20,681 which was the total births during these years in this hospital setting. A structured pre tested questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Chi square test was used to determine association between LBW and socio demographic variables Result: The overall frequency of LBW was found to be 8.9%. Female babies were more likely to have LBW as compared to male babies (p=0.000). LBW babies had poor APGAR scoring as compared to normal weight (p=0.000). The frequency of LBW was higher amongst the mother who were <20years of age and >30years. Maternal weight had a direct while parity had inverse relationship with LBW. Conclusion: Low birth weight babies have poor APGAR scoring and associated with maternal risk factors.

Objectives: To evaluate serum magnesium level in children with 3rd degree malnutrition and to compare these values with healthy children. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study. Setting and Duration: Pediatric Department of Allied Hospital Faisalabad from Oct. 2003 to Nov. 2004. Subjects: Cases: 60 children of age six month to five year having weight < 60% of that for age. Control: 60 healthy children of age six month to five year having weight > 80% of that for age. Methods: Both cases & controls were selected from indoor & outdoor through simple random sampling. Detailed history & examination was done and S/Mg level were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS by applying T test and was presented by frequency tables. Results: The cases showed decreased S/Mg level (1.11+/- 0.24 mg/dl) as compared to controls (2.01+/- 0.78mg/dl).S/Mg levels were also decreased in cases with height < 80 % of that for age (0.98+/-0.5mg/dl) as compared to controls having height > 90 % of that for age. S/Mg levels were markedly low in cases who had low albumin level (0.98+/- 0.05 mg/dl) and those children who presented with persistent diarrhea (0.96+/-0.12mg/dl) Conclusion: S/Mg levels were decreased in children with PEM as compared to those with age and sex matched control. This decrease in S/Mglevels was marked in those cases who had decrease serum albumin level and persistent diarrhea.