This paper proposes a power-efficient low noise amplifier (LNA) for wireless sensor networks (WSN) applications. The energy consumption of LNAs plays a significant role in the design of WSN applications seeking less energy consumption. The transistor (BP1V01M0) is used in this article to get a low noise figure (NF) of 1.2dB and high power gain of 12.63 dB. The design covers the transistor biasing circuit, the transistor stability test, and, finally, the matching network establishment. The results of the simulation show that the proposed LNA design operates at 2.4 GHz with a wideband impedance bandwidth of 2 GHz with a low power consumption of 1 mW.
The electro-optic effect is considered very important in optical communication systems. The small optical confinement factor is attributed to the weak overlap between the electric field and optical wave and hence the optical signal is not efficiently modulated. In this paper, the problem of the small optical confinement factor in the Mach–Zehnder modulator based on lithium niobate (LN) which is deeply studied. The data were analyzed through a proposed mathematical model to explain the relationship between the change in the ordinary negative refractive index and the confinement factor. The system is improved using a small length of the modulator arm as only 3 to 8 µm, low driving power of about 4 V/µm, a large change in the negative ordinary refractive index of about—0.2 × 10−7, and a compact optical modulator. This can reflect a strong optical confinement factor when the electric field is applied to the electrodes of the optical modulator.
There are many problems that restrict the work of the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), including the lack of using various windows of wavelengths, the large half-wave voltage, and the small optical confinement factor. In this paper, a mathematical model for MZM based on lithium niobate (LN) is designed to solve these problems. In this model, a wide window of optical wavelength from visible-to-infrared (632.8-to-1560 nm) was utilized. Moreover, it achieved a better modulation with lower attenuation and a lower dispersion by the window (1550-1560) nm. The other window of optical wavelength is about (632.8-to-634 nm), and (646-to-647 nm) which can be used for short-haul applications to reduce attenuation and dispersion. Furthermore, a small length of the arm, about 2-3 mm, was utilized to accomplish a large change of the refractive index and lower applied voltage of up to 250 V. The small operation half-wave voltage achieved about 1.2 V leading to better switching of the MZM. In addition, a large optical confinement factor of ≤1 unitless was obtained. Even better performance of MZM was attained by using a suitable length arm of MZM of about 2 mm, along with an electric field of about 175 V/mm and 233 V/mm using poling at 100 V.
This research presents a technique of an electro optic effect for suggestion model and it optimizes implementation of an electro optics switch using Mat lab simulation program (10). this technique includes design a mathematical model for analysis the effect of tensile stress(y), axial (z)and radial (x)strain on the performance evaluation of an electro optic switch also, it analysis an effect the change of length L and width w of arm of switch. Finally, an active switch optimizes, using the analytical model and considers important device in the modern optical communication system.
This research introduces a method of an electro-optic effect and electro-refractive effect that considers very imperative for high-speed optical communication systems. In this research, it presents way by a reduction the gap between the electrodes d, and this technique achieves to solve the problem of overlap for Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZI electro-optical switch base on lithium tantalite LiTaO3, also this technique suggests a model for analysis the effect parameters on the electro-optic overlap of the electro-optic switch as the ordinary positive changing of refractive index and a length of arm switch. This study achieves a better overlap by large positive changing refractive index with a suitable small length of arm about 8µm and low driving power at least 4V/µm. Also, for lithium tantalite LiTaO3, this research achieves a better performance for system using the near infrared wavelength.
Deformation correction and recovery of dynamic magnetic resonance images (DMRI) with low complexity algorithms without compromising image quality is a challenging problem. We proposed a motion estimation deformation-correction compressive sensing (DC-CS) scheme to recover dynamic images from its undersampled measurements. We simplify the complex optimization problem into three sub-problems. The contributions of this research are: introducing a global search strategy instead of the DC registration step, guaranteeing a non-explicit motion estimation that avoids any spatial alignment or registration of the images, and lowering the computational cost to the minimum by using PatchMatch (PM). The simulation result shows that the PM algorithm accelerates the recovery time without losing the quality in comparison with the DC algorithm.
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