Alkali
halide perovskites have emerged as representative candidates for novel
opto-electronic devices owing to their balanced efficiency and stability.
However, their fabrication method still remains a challenging topic
with conflicts among their effectiveness, complexity, and cost. Herein,
a complete two-step electrochemical method has been applied in the
fabrication of inorganic perovskites for the first time. The dimension
and microstructure of CsPbBr3 can be easily controlled
by variation of simple physical parameters during the fabrication.
By optimizing the parameters, high-quality CsPbBr3 films
are obtained, and the champion device has achieved an efficiency of
7.86% with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.43 V. More importantly,
the as-fabricated materials have shown an extraordinary robust stability
against environmental conditions even after 150 days of exposure to
air without encapsulation. This has evidently proved the electrochemical
methods as an effective route for perovskite synthesis in its future
development.
The crucial hierarchy of the interfacial passivation at different positions of perovskite solar cells together with the corresponding mechanism has been studied despite the selection of passivation mediums in this work.
The combination of synchrotron X-ray absorption and electron microscopy provided information on the production and exchange of fine-paste ware (FPW), dated to around the 11 th to 14 th centuries in peninsular Thailand and maritime Southeast Asia. White FPW sherds from Kota Cina in north Sumatra, a well-known trading city in Indonesia, have similar clay composition to those from Kok Moh on Satingphra Spit in peninsular Thailand. Also, homogeneous texture indicating high firing temperatures was found in the samples from Kota Cina as well as in those from Phra Mahathat Temple and Suan Luang Temple in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Thailand. However, the split Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) peaks are exclusively observed in the samples from Nakhon Si Thammarat. The distinctly large compositions of α-Fe 2 O 3 and carbon, respectively confirmed by Fe K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectra, suggest that Nakhon Si Thammarat probably had at least a FPW production site in which the ash glazing process may have been implemented. The evidence of such process is not found in the samples from other sites in maritime Southeast Asia in this analysis.
In this article, we studied feasibility of growing Fe-Ni alloy thin films on both Si and glass substrates by using electron-gun deposition technique. Fe and Ni powders were mechanically alloyed with different percentages by ball mill technique. The final milled powder was used as a source material for depositing process. Powder materials were characterized structurally by using x-ray diffraction whereas grown thin films were analyzed by using x-ray reflectivity. The x-ray diffraction data of milled powder revealed a peak shift compared to the unmilled Ni and Fe peaks resulted in obtaining alloyed material. The distinct Kiessig fringes in the relative length scale are evidence of good layer quality in alloy thin films. The film grown on Si substrate exhibited more extended Kiessig fringes in reflectivity scans and the broadening of diffuse part in rocking curves scan became narrower as compared to the glass substrate; this indicated less interface roughness of the alloyed layer grown on silicon substrate. The chemical composition of the grown material was established through optical emission spectrometry. The results were much close to the percentage of prepared alloyed powder material.
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