Due to high penetration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks, transmission networks are no longer responsible solely for security issues in low-voltage distribution networks. DG units may also participate in security as well as power generation depending on their locations. In this paper, a DG placement problem is solved based on voltage stability analysis as a security measure. Modal analysis and continuous power flow are used in a hierarchal placement algorithm. Also, a modified equivalent reactive compensation method is proposed to provide a priority list of DG locations for compensating reactive power during occasions of reactive power shortage. Simulations are carried out on the well-known 33-bus radial distribution network. The results show the effectiveness of the placement algorithm and the ranking method.
In an energy hub, each energy carrier can be converted to other forms of energy to meet electricity, heating and cooling power demand in an optimal manner. In this study, a framework is presented to optimally design and size interconnected energy hubs. It considers physical constraints on natural gas and electricity networks and environmental issues. The proposed design methodology decides on which components should be allocated to each hub and in what capacity. It includes combined heat and power, boiler, absorption chiller, compression chiller, electricity storage (Li-ion battery) and heat storage. The model also considers incentive policies to install distributed generation thus reducing emissions. Furthermore, it takes energy supply reliability based on availability of components into account. This model can help with conducting studies related to planning future energy systems with interconnected energy hubs. The proposed model has been simulated on an interconnected test system, which represents a municipal district with three energy hubs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.