Introduction:In Sri Lanka, thyroid cancer (TC) is the second commonest cancer among females and third commonest cancer in both sexes.Objectives: To describe the trend ofTC according to sex, age and histology type in Sri Lank a fr om [2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014][2015][2016][2017][2018][2019] Methods: Study analysed secondary data from the National Cancer Registry, Sri Lanka (NCR-SL). Age standardized rates (A SR) of TC were extracted for the respective years. Age group specific incidence rates were calculated for each year under consideration. Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software (version 4.9.0.0) was used to analyse trends. Best fit models were reported by annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (A APC). P value <0.05 was taken as the level of significance.Results: A total of23 363 TC cases was analysed from 2005-2019. TheASR among women has increased three-fold from 2005-2019 with anAAPC of7 .5% (95% CI: 4.1, 11.1; p<0.05) and among males, a two-fold rise was seen inASR with AAPC being 8.0% (95% CI: 5.5, 10.6; p<0.05). Age-specific incidence rates were highest in 2: 65-year-old males and 25-34-year-old females. However, the highestAAPC was seen in 35-44 age cohort in both sexes. Papillary TC was the main type of differentiated TC in both sexes. AAPC for overall papillary TC in females was 10.54% (95% CI: 4. 7, 16.8; p<0.05) and 11.6% (95% CI: 4.6, 18.9; p<0.05) in males. Follicular TC showed a similar pattern withAAPC for females being 13 .2% (95% CI: 3 .2, 24.4; p<0.05) and 16.0% for males (95% CI: 5 .9, 27 .1; p<0.05). Conclusions & Recommendations:The incidence of TC in Sri Lank a reveals an increasing trend in both sexes. However, it is uncertain whether it is a true increase or due to better diagnosis and reporting. Therefore, further studies are recommended to explore the reasons for this observed increase.
Ohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-4031Introduction: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among females globally as well as in Sri Lanka. There were 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer and 684 996 deaths due to breast cancer globally in 2020.
Objective:To analyse the trends and patterns ofincidence ofbreast cancer in Sri Lanka between 2005 and 2019.
Methods:Cancer incidence data published in National Cancer Registry, Sri Lanka (NCR-SL) from 2005 to 2019 was analyzed. Age standardized rates (ASR), and age specific incidence rates were used to determine the trends of the breast cancer. Trend analysis of these two rates were performed using j oinpoint regression program and p
Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men across the world and it shows an increasing tr end. In Sri Lanka it is the fifth most common cancer among men. Prostate cancer is rare in men younger than 40, butthe chance ofhaving prostate cancer rises rapidly after age 50.Objectives: To analyse the prostate cancer incidence trends and age at diagnosis in Sri Lank a from 2005 to 2019 Methods: A study was conducted on patients with prostate cancer in Sri Lanka during 2005-2019 using data from the National Cancer Registry, Sri Lanka (NCR-SL). Age standardized rates (ASR), crude incidence rates (CR) and age specific rates were used to determine the trends of prostate cancer in Sri Lanka during this period. Trend analysis of the incidence rates and age standar dized rates were performed usingjoinpoint regression analysis and p<0.05 was used to determine the statistical significance of the trends.Results: Both the CR and ASR of prostate cancer in Sri Lanka has increased from 2005 to 2019. The CR of prostate cancer was 3.1 per 100 000 population in 2005, while it was 9.5 per 100 000 population in 2019. The ASR shows a statistically significant increasing trend during 2005-2019 with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 8.9 % (95% CI: 7.6, 10.3). In this study, the age at diagnosis was 65 years and above in almost 76.8% of cases and the highest number ofcases was seen in the age group ofc::75 years. The commonest morphological type is adenocarcinoma, which comprised more than 50% ofthe total prostate cancers reported throughout this period. Conclusions & Recommendations:The CR and ASR of prostate cancer have nearly tripled with a statistically significant increasing trend from 2005 to 2019 in Sri Lanka. Age at presentation was c::65 years in nearly two-thirds of the cases. Planning a preventive programme targeting males to reduce modifiable risk factors is timel y. Further studies are recommended to study other risk factors which are associated with prostate cancer in Sri Lanka.
Introduction:Males have a higher chance of developing cancers compared to females. Aetiology of cancer is multifactorial. Lifestyle, constitutional characteristics of the individual and hereditary factors can contr i bute to development of cancer. One third of the cancers can be prevented through lifestyle change.Objectives: To analyse male and female age-standardized rates (ASR) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of cancer incidence during 2005-2019 and to describe exposure to lifestyle risk factors among males and females in Sri Lanka Methods: Data from the National Cancer Registry, Sri Lanka (NCR-SL) from 2005 to 2019 were used to analyse male and female ASR. AAPC was analysed for males and females separately using Joinpoint regression program. National Survey data were used to describe the risk factor exposure among males and females and tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity, obesity, and areca-nut use were considered in this paper.Results: During 2005-2019, AS Rs among males have increased from 68.1 to 132.6 per 100 000 population whileASRs for females have increased from 73.4 to 128.8. TheAAPC of ASR among males 5.2% (95% CI: 0.7, 7.7; p<0.05) was significantly higher than for females 3.8% (95% CI: 0.3, 7.5; p<0.05). The considerable percentage of female only cancers are added to the total incidence and included cervical (ASR=8.3; 6%), uterine (ASR=7.4; 6%) and ovarian (ASR=7.3; 6%) cancers, which were placed 4 th , 5th and 6 th , respectively among the top ten cancers among females in year 2019. The ASRs for ovarian(ASR=5.9; 8%) and uterine (ASR=3.2; 2%) cancers in 2005 showed that the lower value of ASR in 2005 compared to 2019 and showed that gradual increase with time, except for a very slight reduction of cervical cancer with time (ASR=8.9; 12% in 2015). Out of the top ten cancers among males, prostate cancer adds a considerable amount to the total incidence from 2005-2019, while it remains in the fifth position out of all cancers among males from 3 .5 in 2005 to 9. 7 in 2019. Exposure to tobacco, alcohol and chewing betel quid which contains areca-nut & tobacco was higher among males, while obesity and chewing betel quid which contains only areca nut were higher among females in Sri Lanka. Physical inactivity was similar in both sexes. Conclusions & Recommendations:The ASRs of all cancers and the AAPC showed an increase among both sexes, while the AAPC was higher among males than females. Regarding exposure to risk factors, use of tobacco, alcohol and betel quid which contains tobacco & areca-nut was higher among males, while obesity and use of betel quid which contains only areca-nut were higher among females. Separate interventions for both sexes need to be conducted, to prevent risk factors.
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