These days instead of chemical pesticides, various natural alternatives have been used for the management of post-harvest diseases. This research was carried out to evaluate the antifungal potential of different chitosan concentrations viz., 5, 10, and 15 mg/µl against Rhizopus stolonifer by the agar dilution and well diffusion methods. The evaluation was carried out after seven days of incubation by measuring the inhibition of R. stolonifer mycelial growth. Results of the study revealed that the chitosan had a significant inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and maximum mycelial growth inhibition was reported at the 10 and 15 mg/µl concentrations and these two treatments are not significantly different. Based on these results, the best concentration (15 mg/µl) was further evaluated by the well diffusion technique. The average inhibition zones formed by the higher concentration was 25mm. Results of the study suggested that chitosan can be used for the management of post-harvesting diseases of tomatoes.
Nine varieties of rice were used in this study, eight introduced from Vietnam, 93-1,93-2, 93-3, Quannaty, Mu, T26, Goma61 and Amstad82, and the local one Anber33, to investigate the comparative genotype x environment interaction and to estimate broad sense heritability and stability parameters for: no. days to 50% flowering, plant height, no. grains per spike, no. spikes per m 2 , spike length, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, harvest index and grain yield, and estimates simple linear correlations among them. The varieties were grown through the season 2008 in eight environments (combinations between two locations, Al-Mishkhab and Al-Muthana, and four irrigation intervals, flooded, 2,4 and six days) using randomized complete block design with three replications. A combined analysis of variance results showed highly significant difference among varieties and environments, and highly significant genotype x environment interactions for all studied characters. Broad sense heritability was high for all characters and ranged from 86.695% for harvest index to 99.587% for spike length. Grain yield had positive significant correlations with no. grains per spike, no. spikes per m 2 , 1000 grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The results of stability parameters showed that the introduced varieties Quannaty and Mu were stable and fit for different environment for larger number of studied characters, and the varieties 93-1, T26 and Goma61 showed high stability for grain yield of rice.
The conservation of natural resources like soil and water and reduces chemical pollution in the environment is the desired goal of the directions of improving the performance of important crops for meeting the global food demand. However,System of Rice Intensification (SRI), is a rice cropping system that is consistent with Conservation Agricultural (CA) and Sustainable Agriculture (SA). The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of SRI method on grain yield and its components in two rice varieties compared with conventional practice in farmers' fields (CFM) in different environmental conditions in Iraq. The study was conducted in the fields during the rice season 2019 in three provinces in the south of Iraq (Najaf, Diwaniya and Muthanna). Anber33 and Jasmine rice varieties were grown in each location and the traits were conducted at sites having 2 donum of land (5,000 m2).The trial was performed as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) having three blocks. The results showed superior significant of SRI method compared to CFM method in traits (plant height and panicle length, number per panicle, and percentage of unfilled grains). Furthermore, SRI method gave higher grain yield as a percentage with both varieties in each province (25.6% in Muthanna, 24.5% in Najaf, and 13.2% in Diwaniya province) compared to CFM. However, grain yield in Jasmine variety was higher than on Anber33 approximately 50% in three locations in this study. Overall, our results suggest that SRI method is the most convenient method in Iraq conditions due to the increased grain yield in rice compared to the CFM method.
The conservation of natural resources like soil and water and reduces chemical pollution in the environment is the desired goal of the directions of improving the performance of important crops that to meet the global food demand. However System of Rice Intensification (SRI), is a rice cropping system that is consistent with Conservation Agricultural (CA) and Sustainable Agriculture (SA). The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of SRI method on grain yield and its components in two rice varieties compared with conventional practice in farmers' fields (CFM) in different environmental conditions in Iraq. Study was conducted in the fields during the rice season 2019 in three provinces in south of Iraq (Najaf, Diwaniya and Muthanna ). Anber33 and Jasmine rice varieties were grown in each location and the traits were conducted at sites having two donum of land (5,000 m2). The trial was performed as factorial expriments based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) having three blocks. The results showed superior significant of SRI method compared to CFM method in traits (plant height and panicle length, number per panicle and percentage of unfilled grains). Furthermore, SRI method gave higher grain yield as percentage with both varieties in each province (25.6% in at Muthanna, 24.5% in Najaf and 13.2% in Diwaniya province) compared to CFM. However, grain yield in Jasmine variety was higher than on Anber33 approximately 50% in three locations in this study. Overall, our results suggest that SRI method is the most convenient method in Iraq conditions due to the increased grain yield in rice compared to the CFM method.
A field experiment was conducted during the autumn season 2021 in one of the farms affiliated to the district of Kuthi (Jableh) located in the north of Babylon province, at longitude 44 east and latitude 44 north, in a sandy loam texture soil. The arrangement of the split plot was used according to the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates, biofertilizer levels 0, 2, 4, 6 kg ha-1 were used, which occupied the main plots, while the genotypes occupied sub plots, namely (Aniqath, Buhouth70, Rabih, Alkayr, Syrie and American). The traits of plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content of leaves, number of grains in panicle, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield and biological yield were studied. The results showed the treatment of adding 4 kg ha-1 of biofertilizer excelled in the average plant height cm2 214.14, leaf area and leaf cm2 7897 content of chlorophyll 55.72. Whereas the addition of 6 kg ha-1 excelled and gave the averageshowed superior in triats number of grains in panicle2816, the weight of 1000 grains 27.487, and the grain yield was 7.02 tons.ha-1 and the biological yield was 21,791 tons ha-1. The results also showed a significant difference between the genotypes, where the genotypes Buhouth 70 surpassed in the average plant height cm2 285.94 and weight of 1000 grains 36.212 g, and the biological yield was 31,038 tons ha-1, while the Rabih cultivar excelled in the average leaf area 8560 cm2, number of grains per panicle 3885, grain yield 7.353 tons ha-1, harvest index 36.891%. The nteraction between levels of bio-fertilizer and gentypes showed the highest of grain yield trait at the highest level of bio-fertilizer, which amounted to 8.030 tons ha-1 for Rabih genotype.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.