Background:Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease. Local and systemic antimicrobial drugs are used for its treatment. But increasing resistance of Propionibacterium acnes to antibiotics has been reported.Materials and Methods:In a double-blind clinical trial, 40 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris were recruited. one side of the face was treated with Clindamycin Gel 1% and the other side with Azithromycin Topical Gel 2% BID for 8 weeks and then they were assessed.Results:Average age was 21. 8 ± 7 years. 82.5% of them were female. Average number of papules, pustules and comedones was similarly reduced in both groups and, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05, repeated measurs ANOVA). The mean indexes of ASI and TLC also significantly decreased during treatment in both groups, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. (P > 0.05, repeated measurs ANOVA). Also, impact of both drugs on papules and pustules was 2-3 times greater than the effect on comedones. Average satisfaction score was not significant between the two groups (P = 0.6, repeated measurs ANOVA). finally, frequency distribution of complications was not significant between the two groups (P > 0.05, Fisher Exact test).Conclusion:Azithromycin gel has medical impact at least similar to Clindamycin Gel in treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris, and it may be consider as suitable drug for resistant acne to conventional topical therapy.
Introduction: Ginkgo is one of the essential plants for improving memory and preventing age-related or secondary amnesia. Although it has been appeared that Ginkgo alone does not seem to increase memory, it is important to reduce amnesia. Ritalin, On the other hand, is medicine used to treat attention deficit disorder, the abuse of which harms the brain and causes dependency. This study aimed to determine the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on Ritalin-treated rats' memory. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 36 rats Wistar male rats, divided into 6 groups (n=6). The dosages used for Ritalin were 10mg/kg, and Ginkgo was 90mg/ kg, and 40mg/kg. Prescriptions in gavage form administrated in 10 days. The shuttle box was used to measure the amount of avoidance learning. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and SPSS-23 software. Results: The results revealed that the shuttle box test in the Ginkgo group 90mg/kg outperformed than the control group. The Ginkgo consumer group at the dose of 90mg/kg and plus Ritalin had a significant difference with control (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed that Ginkgo intake of 90 mg/kg causes elevated levels of step-through latency (STL). Overall, the results of this study indicate a positive effect of Ginkgo dosages alone and with Ritalin on the avoidance learning of Ritalin-treated rats.
Background:Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease with increasing prevalence worldwide and a considerable burden especially among children. To circumvent the problems related to oral azathioprine (AZT) we aimed to evaluate its topical variant and assess its efficacy in patients aged 2–18.Materials and Methods:In a single-blind trial, we randomized the patients into two groups, one treated with topical emollient containing AZT and betamethasone (BM), and the other treated solely with topical emollient of BM. The treatments were administered twice a day for 8 weeks in both groups. The efficacy, recurrence, and the presence of side effects were evaluated using SPSS 20.Results:The amount of reduction in severity scoring for atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) score was significantly greater in the group treated with the topical AZT (P = 0.024). Incidentally, there were no difference between two treatments in difference in proportions of recurrence and adverse effects as well as SCORAD reduction in subgroups of sex and age (all P > 0.05).Conclusions:Our results showed the superiority of topical AZT over BM with a low recurrence and adverse effects. No expectation of severe side effects, like those of oral AZT, is the major advantage of topical AZT. The sample size was an issue in uncovering the value of AZT in the subgroups. Conducting prolonged studies of quality-of-life and comparing the topical AZT potency relative to the common alternatives are recommended areas of future work.
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