Hence the social life is changing and social interaction is amplified by technology. Therefore, social research would change its approach/es concomitantly. We are living in the age of technology where many people are interacting through social media generally referred to as a screen. Therefore, it is creating the need for innovative screen research methods to study and give meaning to screen interaction. Due to lock-down and restrictions on physical interaction during the COVID-19 pandemic, the screen interaction is intensified. Particularly the community-based organizations, businesses, and academia were observed prone towards using screen interaction approaches. Similarly an International Non-Governmental Organization hereinafter (INGO) in Erbil, Iraq. Started a Facebook page to interact with its beneficiaries to listen to their urgent needs and feedback to project activities. Based on that monitoring and evaluation unit observed a need to monitor screen interaction between organization and community. Hence, the innovative approaches of screen survey and screen sampling were identified. To conduct an intermittent screen survey it was important to select a relevant sampling method. In general, there are two schools of sampling in social sciences. Probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Under probability sampling, each individual has the right to be selected as a participant in a study. Under non-probability sampling, participants are selected based on certain criteria that are relevant to the domain of study. Both schools of sampling have many types and sub-types selected as per the specifications of a study. Therefore, the Intermittent Screen Review Sampling (ISRS) method was developed based on precedent theoretical work. The screen survey refers to the collection and analysis of responses of viewers of any specific social media page. Where respondents are not asked to participate or share their feelings or thoughts. Respondents voluntarily appear on the screen and interact with any post and reflect their thoughts. Henceforth, the surveyors collect these displayed thoughts intermittently, do some analytical work, and produce meaning out of these emojis, shares, memes, and comments. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted within the context of the post/s shared by authorized person/s on a social media official page. Thereafter, the results were presented in quantities and narrations. This research paper is developed to communicate these innovative approaches of semi-analytical screen survey and intermittent screen review sampling at a wider level. This research would pave a way for further screen studies and innovations that are the needs of our screen generation.
Climate change is the most important issue of the 21st century, the whole world is facing the consequences of climate change. Countries that are poor and have low capacity are always vulnerable to natural disasters. Many initiatives are being taken to improve the resistance power of communities affected by disasters. This study was conducted to analyze the utilization of funds and capacity to respond to disasters caused by flash floods in 2010. The study was conducted using key informant interviews and focused group discussions. A thorough qualitative analysis was conducted to understand the financial and technical initiatives taken by the government to respond to the disaster. The data were analyzed using simple thematic and content analysis methods. The study has identified the common threats of riverine floods in affected districts and the capacity of the local and provincial governments. The study has also analyzed the pre-disaster preparations and capacity of the government. Two districts were taken understudy from Sindh province one from the north and one from the south. The study found the obvious flood threat for the southern district was the left bank outfall drain hereinafter (LBDO). Whereas the potential flooding threat for the northern district was the river Indus. The study found that the existing government structure and community are not strong and prepare enough to face disasters. The study has identified capacity-building and preparation gaps at the levels of community and government. The study has identified the gap in managing and analyzing regular data and building a structure that facilitates on-time evidence-based decisions to reduce the impact of future disasters.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0025/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Conducting and communicating research is a responsible intellectual job. A researcher would go analysing immense literature and would search for valid evidence. Prior to narrating an authentic statement. Correspondingly while selecting a method for study it is vital to opt for an approach that is ethically suitable in a defined context. While applied on a set of a populace, generally denoted to as a sample and/or universe. Therefore, social research would be a more laborious task. Hence, the social context is ever-changing in terms of time and space. Diverse methods of social research are being invented yearly. To compete with consistently changing social phenomena and needs of evidence. Operational research, evaluation, and screen monitoring are the most prominent approaches of modern social research. Hence, these naïve approaches of social research would undergo learning and adaptation. Community development projects and retrospective studies thereof are also being synthesized, with existing methods of social research. An identical practice is an adaptation of the Randomized Controlled Trial hereinafter (RCT) approach to conduct impact evaluations of humanitarian and development projects. Hitherto, RCT was being widely used by health researchers as a clinical research approach. Hence, an adaptation of this clinical research approach for field studies, particularly for the evaluation of humanitarian projects. Those are being implemented to provide survival support to vulnerable communities. It would require this approach to undergo some ethical adaptations. This research paper is developed to commence a wider literary discourse on requisite ethical adaptations for RCT to use in the evaluation of humanitarian projects. This research paper brings the findings from desk and field. To discuss key questions; where and how we can use RCT, and what ethical adaptations are necessary not to be forgone? This discourse is established on the usefulness of RCT, ethics of social research, ethics of evaluation, and humanitarian principles. The overarching purpose of this research paper is to facilitate the adaptation of RCT in the field of impact evaluation. While considering the ethical principles of the development sector and evaluation. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0790/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
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